NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
03: 27 August, 2010.
Edition
05 : 22 December, 2013.
E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
SECTION A : DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
Study value :
04 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 112 hours out of 504.
Study points are
awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
Second block : The problems to be solved.
Study points : 02 points out
of 18
Expected work required: 55 hours
out of 504
The two study points will be
finally awarded on successful completion of the consolidated exam for
Section 1. Analysis of the Millennium Goals. [22
hours]
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the
Millennium Goals.
[04.00 Hours] Preparation report Section 1 of Block
2.
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the
services made available by integrated development projects.
[05.00 Hours]
Preparation report Section 2 of Block 2.
Second block : Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]
Consolidated exam for Section A : Development problems (for
passage to Section B of the course : [ 6 hours each attempt].
Section
1. Analysis of the Millennium Goals. [22 hours]
[18.00 Hours]
Analysis of the Millennium Goals.
00. Summary of the Millennium
Goals.
01. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger.
02. Achieve universal primary
education.
03. Promote gender equality
and empower women.
06. Combat HIV/aids, malaria
and other diseases.
07. Target 09 : Ensure
environmental sustainability.
07. Targets 10 and 11 :
Water, sanitation and slums.
08. Develop a global partnership
for development.
[18.00 Hours]
Analysis of the Millennium Goals.
05. Improve maternal health.
(At least two hours)
Look at slide: Reduce
by three quarters the maternity mortality ratio.
Millennium
Goal 5 is about the reduction of the maternity mortality ratio.
It refers to
women’s health.
On the subject
of health in general, review your work on section 1 of block 1 analysis health and sanitation and in-depth work on health and sanitation of
the course.
For a good general reference
on an integrated approach to health issues refer to Costello A. et al, Managing the health effects of climate change, Lancet (The) Vol.
373, Issue 9676, pp. 1693-1733 with
The UNDP Report on Human Development
for 2007/2008 provides the following
tables :
In connection with
the number of births attended by qualified personnel and maternal
mortality:
06 Commitment to
health.
08 Inequalities in
maternal and child health.
10 Survival :
progress and set-backs.
1. Research.
On one page describe the statistics on maternal mortality and the
proportion of births attended by qualified personnel in your chosen area and
make a comparison with the statistics shown in the World Report on Human
Development 2007/2008 for
your country. What are your conclusions?
The Millennium
health goals are covered in articles 53-
“53.
The goals of sustainable development can only be achieved in the absence of a
high prevalence of debilitating diseases, while obtaining health gains for the
whole population requires poverty eradication. There is an urgent need to
address the causes of ill health, including environmental causes, and their
impact on development, with particular emphasis on women and children, as well
as vulnerable groups of society, such as people with disabilities, elderly
persons and indigenous people.”
Paragraphs
f) and i) of article 54 provide :
“(f) Develop
programmes and initiatives to reduce, by the year 2015, mortality rates for
infants and children under 5 by two thirds, and maternal mortality rates by
three quarters, of the prevailing rate in 2000, and reduce disparities between
and within developed and developing countries as quickly as possible, with
particular attention to eliminating the pattern of disproportionate and
preventable mortality among girl infants and children;
........
“(i) Ensure equal access
of women to health-care services, giving particular attention to maternal and
emergency obstetric care;”
In
Section VIII of the Plan of Implementation of the Millennium Goals, which is about
sustainable development in
The Plan of Implementation of the Millennium Goals does
not make any specific reference at all to births assisted by qualified
personnel.
Read
the report on Maternal Mortality in 2005, by Say L,
Inoue M, et Mills S., published by the World Health Organisation in 2007.
The
executive summary on page 15 of the report reads :
“Of the estimated total of 536 000 maternal deaths
worldwide, developing countries accounted for 99% (533 000) of the deaths
(Table 2). Slightly more than half of the maternal deaths (270 000) occurred in
the sub-Saharan Africa region alone, followed by
And on page
18 :
“…….as shown in Table 3, maternal mortality (as
measured by MMR) has decreased at the global level at an average of less than
1% annually between 1990 and 2005……. on the regional basis, none of the MDG
regions achieved 5.5% between 1990 and 2005, although Eastern Asia came close
to that goal with a 4.2% annual decline.”
Page 18 continues:
“Data on the second indicator identified for
monitoring progress towards achievement of maternal mortality reduction – that
is, the proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (doctor,
midwife, or nurse) (1) – indicate that the receipt of such care is
limited where maternal deaths also constitute a major problem. In
The conclusion on page 3 states:
“It has, however, been a challenge to assess the
extent of progress towards the MDG5 target, due to the lack of reliable
maternal mortality data – particularly in developing-country settings where
maternal mortality is high (2).”
The last column in table 10 of the UNDP World Report on Human
Development 2007/2008 (
mortality «adjusted ») shows the figures mentioned in the report on Maternal Mortality in 2005
which gives «error margins » which are sometimes very large. For
example in the case of
2.
Opinion.
On one page explain if
it is so difficult to get accurate statistics on maternal mortality rates
and on the number of assisted births in your project area. If so, why? If not,
why not?
3.
Research.
On one page describe the main causes of
maternal mortality in your chosen area.
Millennium
goal 5 is dealt with in pages 100-108 of the report Making the MDGs Work
for All . Read pages 100-108 carefully. They contain the description
of a series of specific actions for the reduction of maternal mortality.
4.
Opinion.
On one
page make two columns. In one column describe the actions listed on
pages 100-108 of the report. In the second
column note which services would be necessary in your project area to
put the ideas into practice.
Page 99 of the report Making the MDGs Work
for All reads :
“The foundations for maternal risk are often laid in
girlhood. Women whose growth has been stunted by chronic malnutrition are
vulnerable to obstructed labour. Anaemia predisposes women to haemorrhage and
sepsis during delivery and has been implicated in at least 20 percent of
postpartum maternal deaths in
Page
104 reads:
“Since poverty, education, the health and nutrition of
girls, women’s empowerment and violence against women are all relevant to Goal
5, relevant targets and indicators are also covered under goals 1, 2, 3, 4 and
The term
«genital mutilation» (of women) does not
appear anywhere in the Plan of Implementation of the Millennium Goals.
5. Opinion.
On one page explain why, in your opinion, these links are not cited in
the Plan of Implementation of the Millennium Goals.
◄ Second block : Problems
to be solved.
◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated
Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
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