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SELF-FINANCING, ECOLOGICAL, SUSTAINABLE, LOCAL INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS FOR THE WORLD’S POOR

 

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Edition 09: 26 March, 2009

Edition 10 : 28 September, 2011.

Edition 11 : 09 December, 2011.

 

(FRANÇAIS)

MENU FOR UNIVERSITIES, RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND STUDENTS


 

CREATIVE PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY REDUCTION.

This website provides simple, down-to-earth practical solutions to poverty- and development-related problems. It sets out step by step how the solutions are put into effect. By  following the steps, users can draft their own advanced ecological sustainable integrated development projects and apply for their seed financing. Social, financial, productive and service structures are set up in a critical order of sequence and carefully integrated with each other. That way, cooperative, interest-free, inflation-free local economic environments are formed in project areas. Local initiative and true competition are then free to flourish there.

More information :

Click here for a very simple summary of a typical integrated development project.

Click here to see an  executive summary which provides a short analysis of a typical integrated development project.

Click here to see the Model itself, a standard project index. 

Click here to see a full-year e-learning course at post-masters level for the Diploma in Integrated Development ( Dip. Int. Dev.)  The course is available on-line for use by all. Anyone interested can follow the full course free of charge. The Diploma in Integrated Development ( Dip. Int. Dev.) itself is awarded only to students following the course with tutor support, against payment for tutorship on a costs-recovery basis. Diploma graduates qualify to lead integrated development projects and to train others. Just reading the course material provides full information on the concepts and methods the Model is based on. 

Click here to see a new section of the course on how to finance integrated development projects using the CDM mechanisms (Kyoto Protocol)

 

 

FACULTIES OF INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT STUDIES.

 

Faculties of  Integrated Development Studies need to be formed at State-owned and/or privately-owned universities and post-graduate schools. The faculties would run tutor-led post-graduate courses for the diploma in integrated development mentioned in 01 below, provide a Master’s course in Integrated Development Studies as set out in section 02 below,  and provide integrated development course modules for inclusion in Master’s level studies in other academic sectors such as  Administration, Agronomy,  Development Studies, Ecology, Economy, Education, Millennium Development Goals, Political Sciences, Social sciences, Women’s Rights etc. according to the choices made by the faculties of  Partner Universities. This is set out in section 03 below.

 

Workshops can be organised as set out in section 04 below, to introduce Integrated Development Studies to Universities for the purposes of setting a Faculty of Integrated Development Studies up there.

 

Universities can also sponsor workshops for the drafting of regional or national integrated development plans as set out in section 05 below, and for the promotion of monetary reform as set out in section 06 below.

 

 

COURSES AND WORKSHOPS.

 

01. [Click for ] E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev.)

 

The entire documentation on self-financing, ecological, sustainable, local integrated development projects available at www.integrateddevelopment.org has been placed in the public domain. The documentation includes an advanced 12 months’ e-learning course for the Diploma in Integrated Development  Anyone interested can follow the e-learning course free of charge and in their own time. However, «free »  studies to do not qualify for the academic diploma Dip. Int. Dev. This is because there is no effective control over exercises, research, block reports to guarantee the level of the student’s work. Independent students are not required to sit block and section exams and do not enjoy the benefits of professional tutorship and formal approval of their project work.

 

During the course, each student systematically collects information needed for the integrated development of his/her chosen project area of origin. This is then used at the end of the course to draft a complete documentation for the integrated development of the area concerned. By completing this documentation, students automatically qualify to act as project coordinators for the projects they have drafted the documentation for. Female students are in principle preferred to male students, as women are expected to play a dominating role in the creation and running of integrated development project structures. 

 

Since about 20 projects are needed for each million people, many students will be needed in a relatively short time world-wide to guarantee rapid execution of  integrated development projects to eliminate poverty.

 

The first students in each country or region to complete the execution of their individual pilot projects and submit full reports on them should qualify for a  Ph. D. Identification and description of problems and bottlenecks faced and resolved during early project applications create precedents for those following.

 

02. [Click for ]  Studies and theses for the title : Master in Integrated Development (M. Int. Dev.)

 

The diploma e-course together with the Model for self-financing ecological integrated development projects  together form the basic study material for the courses. There are many subjects directly related to integrated development that are suitable for original study work for theses.  Some of the sectors concerned may form “virgin territories”. 

 

03. [Click for ]  Courses for inclusion in University Studies at Master’s level in academic sectors amongst which Development Studies, Ecology, Economy, Women’s Rights, Millennium Development Goals,  according to the choices made by Partner Universities. 

 

Study points in the proposals published have been based on the main study blocks of  the diploma e-course. Where required, the main study blocks can easily be broken down into smaller units or sections as the various faculties may think fit.

 

04. Workshops on Integrated Development Concepts. 

 

Participative workshops can be organised to introduce the simple and logical concepts behind integrated development to policy-makers and decision-makers at all levels. .

 

The workshops can be adapted in both length and relative complexity according  to the preferences and requirements of co-organising parties. These might be sub-regional entities such as ECOWAS and the Organisation of African States and their counterparts on other continents, universities, ministries, and NGOs. They will usually involve :

 

An introduction : What is the problem?

What do we have to do to solve it?

How do we do it?  This covers the structures which need to be set up, how they are set up, run and maintained.

How much does it cost? This last will usually include an analysis of the possibilities offered by the CDM mechanism under the Kyoto protocol.

 

In the introduction, an analysis is made of the commercial character of western development aid. The second section deals with basic requirements necessary for a good quality of life for all and why the current financial system fails to guarantee them. The role of formal money as a catalyst for commercial transactions is examined, together with the role played by interest and limited liability companies in recent economic development. The self-designed, executed, managed, maintained, and owned  social, financial, production and service structures created in projects according to the Model are described together with the sequence of formation necessary for them to be successful in solving the poverty question. The real cost of development is discussed in the last section where the conclusion is reached that existing funds for development world-wide would be enough to ban the poverty problem from the world within a few years.

 

Workshops may by arrangement concentrate on specific subject related to integrated development, A few examples are :

 

Credit crises.

Education and integrated development.

Environment and climate adaptation.

Food security and sustainable agriculture.

Gender and women’s rights.

Health and integrated development.

Kyoto Protocol.

Millennium goals.

Policy implications of integrated development.

Poverty, its root causes and appropriate integrated solutions to it.

Role of women in development.

Water and sanitation in integrated development projects.

 

Workshops organised by institutions in the Netherlands are free of charge.

 

For workshops organised outside of the Netherlands, the travel and modest accommodation costs of Stichting Bakens Verzet  must be covered. A small survival fee is also charged. This is the same as the current per-diem allowance for accommodation, meals, local travel within the place of mission and sundry expenses for experts under external aid contracts financed by the European Commission for the country in question. The list is published each year by the Commission in December for the following year and varies from country to country from about € 100 to € 250 a day. 

 

Programmes and budgets for workshops are usually drafted and  supplied free of charge.

 

05. Workshops for the drafting of regional or national integrated development plans.

 

The Model makes the drafting of fully detailed national or regional integrated development plans to meet nearly all of  the Millennium goals quick, easy, and cheap. How quickly the plans are prepared depends on the number of people (usually students or active members of grass-roots NGOs) and the number of individual projects (about 20 for each million inhabitants) involved. The maximum period for plan preparation is about three months, the minimum period one month. Plans involving populations over 10.000.000 cost about 2.5 eurocents ( €  0.025) per person. Smaller plans involving up to 1.000.000 inhabitants may cost up to 15 eurocents  ( €  0.15) per person, depending on population spread  and the size of the project areas.

 

National and regional plans involve the drafting of individual project documentations under the Model for each area with about 50.000 inhabitants in the country or region. Their preparation has practical advantages. Authors of the individual project documentations receive direct personal hands-on training on the application of the principles behind the Model, so that they qualify to act as coordinators for the projects they have drafted. Another advantage is that the financiers of the plans, the costs of which vary from about    100.000 to    300.000 depending on the populations, get to know the local grass-roots NGOs involved. Successful preparation of the national or regional plan should make it easier for the same financiers to contribute to the cost of pilot projects in the poorest areas covered by the plan.

 

The indicated costs include the travel and modest accommodation costs of Stichting Bakens Verzet. We also charge a small survival fee. This is the same as the current per-diem allowance for accommodation, meals, local travel within the place of mission and sundry expenses for experts under external aid contracts financed by the European Commission for the country in question. The list is published each year by the Commission in December for the following year and varies from country to country from about € 100 to € 250 a day. 

 

A complete section of the diploma course  is dedicated to regional and national plans : 

 

Section 1: Regional and national plans.

 

Regional plans.

National plans.

 

Section 2: Inter-project relations.

 

Inter-project relations at regional level.

Inter-project relations at national level.

 

Section 3: Plan proposal for the integrated development of your district or region.

 

The information needed.

Preparation of the plan.

 

Section 4: Plan proposal for the integrated development of your country.

 

The information needed.

Preparation of the plan.

 

 

06. [Click for ] Workshops on Monetary Reform. 

 

Material available at website www.integrateddevelopment.org includes advanced analyses of  the current debt-based financial system.

 

Workshops organised by institutions in the Netherlands are free of charge.

 

For workshops organised outside of the Netherlands, the travel and modest accommodation costs of Stichting Bakens Verzet  must be covered. A small survival fee is also charged. This is the same as the current per-diem allowance for accommodation, meals, local travel within the place of mission and sundry expenses for experts under external aid contracts financed by the European Commission for the country in question. The list is published each year by the Commission in December for the following year and varies from country to country from about € 100 to € 250 a day. 

 

Programmes and budgets for workshops are usually drafted and  supplied free of charge.

 

 

PROJECT STRUCTURES.

 

The structures created during the execution of each project have many policy implications. These are described in the paper Policy implications of an innovative model for self-financing ecological sustainable development for the world's poor where some of the anthropological bases for the three-tiered on-going project management structures are also discussed.

 

The following Powerpoint presentations are available :

 

Project structures for integrated development. Powerpoint presentation : 43 slides.

Poverty, its causes, what is needed to eliminate it. Powerpoint  presentation :  24 slides.

Project architecture for integrated development. Powerpoint presentation : 14 slides.   

Millennium goals. How integrated development projects achieve them. Powerpoint presentation : 36 slides.

 

PROJECT COSTS.

 

A typical project budget for an area with 50.000 inhabitants is €5.000.000,  or  €100 for each inhabitant. Of this, 25% is contributed directly by the people themselves. This is done by way of conversion into Euros of the costs of goods supplied and work done by the local inhabitants for the execution of the project under the interest-free cooperative local money structures set up in an early phase of the project. This contribution usually amounts to 425.000 days of 8 hours’ work. Allowing for a rate of conversion of Euro 3 for each day of work, the amount contributed by the people is €1.250.000, or roughly 25% of the total project costs. This means the amount made available by third parties by way of gift or by way of interest-free ten year loan is 75% of the total project costs being about €3.750.000 in all or €75 for each inhabitant. Exactly how this money is split up amongst the various project structures is set out in detail in the balance sheet. Some 35-40% is used for the drinking water structures, to cover the cost of drilling boreholes (where necessary), pumps, solar panels and other equipment. About 15-20 % is used for interest-free loans to enable local people to set up production facilities to make items necessary for the execution of the project structures. There are no costs involved in the drafting of the project documents and applications for their seed financing, as these are done under the Model. This means that the cost of foreign consultants for pilot projects in each country is limited to 10% (about € 350.000) of the formal money part of the project budget.  The execution of each project includes the training of people to lead the execution of similar projects in adjacent areas, so that the system is sustainably self-propagating.

 

 

PAYMENT OF PROJECT COSTS.

 

While it is obviously and advantage for the local populations for the initial capital required to be paid by donors in the form of a gift, there are two methods guaranteeing its repayment, where required,  in a single lump sum at the close of  the first ten year operational cycle of each individual project. 

 

The first way is through a menu of 13 applications for CDM finance under the Kyoto Protocol. For full information on this please refer to Kyoto Protocol : Analysis of  possibilities for finance. Indications are that net CDM income per project could be to the order of € 24.000.000, enabling standard projects ( initial capital € 3.750.000) to be repaid by the end of the sixth year of operation on the basis of CDM income for the first five years, and projects in pastoralist areas (initial capital    5.600.000) to be repaid by the end of the eighth year of operation on the basis of CDM income for the first seven years. 

 

The second (backup) way of financing integrated development projects is through the Local Cooperative Development Fund set up in each project area. The beneficiary populations make a monthly payment of (at least Euro 3 per family of five) into this fund. The very poor, sick and handicapped can be subsidised under a three-tiered social security system set up for that purpose. The money in the fund is systematically recycled interest-free to the local users for micro-credits for productive investments amounting in all to at least € 16.000.000 (or € 1.500 per family) over the first ten year period. The fund is organised so that the amount in it is sufficient to repay the initial interest-free capital investment in a single lump sum after the first ten year operational cycle.  In case of payment, the amount in the Cooperative Local Development Fund drops temporarily back to zero. The families continue to make their monthly contributions to the Fund, so the amount in the Fund gradually builds up again during the second ten years period as it did in the first, and is again recycled interest-free for micro-credits for  productivity development until it is needed to pay for capital extensions and capital goods replacements after twenty years. At that  point, the Fund dips back to zero again and slowly builds up again during the third ten-year period and so on in an inherently permanently sustainable way.

 

For illustrations of the micro-credit system proposed, please refer to :

 

Illustration of the micro-credits system.

How the original grant of seed-loan is used.

Illustration of the interest-free loan cycle.

 

For full details on the economic aspects of integrated development projects, please refer to Block 8 : Economic aspects of  the Diploma Course.

 

Interest-free loans for various project structures transferred to private persons or cooperatives are paid back into the Cooperative Local Development Fund over a period of 3-5 years.

 

 

COSTS AND BENEFITS ASSESSMENT.

 

Integrated development projects bring about a general mobilisation of the local populations in each project area. Real annual benefits are several times the total cost of the initial capital investment in the projects. 

 

Total potential annual benefits amount to more than € 15.000.000 a year plus the benefits of the use of the local money system and of  the fruit, nuts and bamboo shoots and products  consumed. This is 3-4 times the initial capital investment.  Conservatively estimating just 30% of the potential, the project should therefore be returning its total initial capital input costs to the populations annually within two years of completion of all the project structures. This is four years from the start of project execution.

 

The costs and benefits are described in the simple summary of a typical integrated development project.

 

They include :

 

Agriculture and food security : Savings for food importation Euro 6.387.500 per year;  CDM (Kyoto) application fruit and nut trees up to a total of Euro 6.590.000 over 50 years (average € 131.800 a year) plus the fruit and nuts; CDM (Kyoto) application bamboo plantations up to a total of Euro 1.470.000 over 7 years (average € 210.000 a year) plus bamboo shoots and value added from bamboo products; CDM (Kyoto) application Moringa (horseradish) plantations € 646.800 over 3 years (average € 215.600 a year). The expected total annual benefits in the agriculture and food sector amount to € 6.944.900, plus the value of fruit, nuts, and bamboo shoots consumed.

 

Ecology, conservation and energy : Potential sale value of extra standing timber Euro 178.000 per year; savings in fertilisers Euro 217.000 per year; reforestation of local forest lands parks and reserves under the Kyoto protocol for a total of up to Euro 10.500.000 over 50 years (average € 210.000 a year); small scale local production of bio-fuels for local use Euro 550.000 per year; CO2 reduction through reduced use of bio-mass under the CDM mechanism up to Euro 7.476.000 over 21 years ( average € 356.000 a year); substitution of non-renewable with renewable biomass under the CDM mechanism up to Euro 3.822.000 over 21 years (annual average Euro 182.000). The expected total annual benefits in the ecology, conservation and energy sector amount to € 1.693.000.

 

Finance : Reduction in the costs for the purchase of wood (or alternative fuels) for cooking, Euro 730.000 per year; savings in formal money interest and costs in connection with the operation of the Cooperative Local Development Fund, Euro 520.000 a year. No attempt is made to monetise the vast benefits deriving from the widespread use of the local money system set up in each project area.  The expected total annual benefits in the finance sector therefore amount to € 1.250.000 plus the benefits from the use of the local money system.

 

Health : Reduction of costs of medical treatment for water-borne diseases, Euro 500.000 per year; productivity increase due to reduction of illness due to water-borne diseases, Euro 450.000 per year;  reduction in the costs of treating suffering from hunger, due to inadequate hygiene and smoke in and around homes, Euro 250.000 per year; reduction of 50% in the costs of treatment for malaria, Euro 100.000 per year;  increase of productivity due to reduction in the number of cases of malaria, Euro 90.000 per year; reduction in the cost of urgent transportation of sick family members to hospital, Euro 190.000. The expected total annual benefits in the health sector amount to € 1.490.000.

 

Water and sanitation : Water points at 100m. from homes, Euro 1.095.000 per year; benefits from local washing places, Euro 624.000 per year. The expected total annual benefits in the water and sanitation sector amount to € 1.719.000.

 

Women’s rights : Elimination of the need to fetch firewood, Euro 374.400 a year;  introduction of mills, Euro 1.642.500 a year. The expected total annual benefits in the women’s rights sector amount to € 2.016.900.

 

For full information on the costs and benefits of integrated development projects, please refer to Sect. 3 : Costs and benefits analysis  of  Block 8 : Economic aspects of the Diploma Course.

 

More specifically :

 

Costs and benefits analysis  : introduction.

Costs and benefits analysis : details.

 

WOMEN’S RIGHTS.

 

Integrated development projects fully comply with the terms of all international declarations relating to women’s rights. A majority participation of women in the management of all project structures at all levels is guaranteed. The workload on women is strongly reduced. Their health conditions are improved, and they receive full access to all education facilities available in the project area. Use of  the local money system and the cooperative interest-free micro-credit structures set up enable women to increase their income and, where desired, achieve financial independence.

 

For more details, see the file on women’s rights.  Still more information on the relationship between integrated development projects and the rights of women can be found in Section 1: Gender of the course for the Diploma in Integrated Development.

 

 

ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND SUSTAINABILITY.

 

Integrated development projects are fully sustainable. Click the file ecological aspects to see how the project concepts allow for energy-neutral structures, a wide use of alternative energy technologies, and the conservation of the natural resources in project areas. More information on the relationship between integrated development projects and the protection of the environment is available in Section 5: Sustainability of the course for the Diploma in Integrated Development.

 

Click on Kyoto Protocol : Analysis of  possibilities for finance to see how a menu of 13 CDM methodologies ensure that projects are CO2 neutral . The methodologies can be applied during project execution whether or not finance is made available under the Kyoto protocol.

 

The on-going management of project structures is also fully sustainable. As social, financial, productive and service structures are created during project execution they are taken over by the local cooperative for the on-going management of the project structures. For full information on the management of project structures, click to see details on the division of responsibilities amongst  the three administrative levels in each project area.

  

 

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND FOOD SECURITY.

 

Integrated development projects cover management of communal lands. Waste recycling structures include the recycling of urine, composted faeces, and other organic solids with grey water. This alone ensures sufficient production of a varied diet even in times of drought and crisis. The menu of 13 CDM methodologies to be adopted includes extensive planting of fruit and nut trees, bamboo (shoots for food), and horseradish for vegetable oils and edible “spinach” leaves during the dry season. A three-tiered system of cooperative plant nurseries and seed banks is set up for local use. Structures for the local production of biomass for mini-briquettes for cooking are created. Water supply structures include distributed clean drinking water, rainwater harvesting, the recycling of grey water, and water conservation methods for forests and  agricultural lands.

 

Click here for more information agricultural production and food security.

 

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS.

 

Integrated development project meet and surpass all of the millennium goals in each project area, with the exception of vaccinations under Goal 6.

 

For more information see :

 

Millennium Development Goals. How integrated development projects solve them.     

Millennium goals. How integrated development projects achieve them. Powerpoint presentation : 36 slides.

 

For complete information on how integrated development projects meet the Millennium Development Goals, see the goal by goal analysis of the services made available under integrated development projects. This analysis is part of the Diploma Course.

 

Integrated development concepts do not only cover and surpass the Millennium Goals. They provide for powerful on-going development in each project area. This is dealt with in detail at the file on on-going development.

 

 

FURTHER STUDY MATERIAL.

 

The attachments to project documents support project documents. They include information on the work of the Brazilian sociologist Clodomir Santos de Morais, local money systems, micro-credit systems, some recommended appropriate technologies, and hygiene education courses.

 

The index of references to the diploma course in Integrated Development includes a full list of all resources used in the course. The references are linked to the sections of the course where they are used. The index of key words used in the diploma course enables students to find the place(s) where the topics are handled.

 


MORE INFORMATION : SOME USEFUL GROUPS OF FILES

 

Short introductions to  projects and instructions on how to get started.  [Short summaries, including an executive summary, with basic information on projects.  This group of files includes instructions on how to get a project started. ]

Articles published on specific aspects of the Model. [The list includes articles on policy aspects, the use of alternative energy, micro-credits, and drinking water supply. ]

Some draft projects prepared in English and French using the principles introduced by the Model.

Some appropriate technologies recommended for use in projects under the Model.

 


Back to:

 

Model homepage.

Bakens Verzet homepage 

  


       

"Money is not the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them."

Gesell, Silvio, The Natural Economic Order, revised English edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228

 

“Poverty is created scarcity”

Wahu Kaara, point 8 of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty, 58th annual NGO Conference, United Nations, New York 7th September 2005.

 

"In the end, it's about love for mankind. Freedom begins with love.

Our challenge is to learn to love the world"

Nigerian writer Ben Okri, interview in Ode Magazine, Dec 2002-Jan 2003, p.49

 


 

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