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Édition
02 : 20 Novembre, 2013.
Quelques
aspects relatifs au renforcement des capacités (« capacity
building »)
Sur le travail du sociologue Brésilien Clodomir
Santos de Morais, lisez :
Informations sur les ateliers
de capacitation (anglais).
Bibliographie sur les ateliers
de capacitation (anglais).
Capacity building
«Capacity building » a neologism of uncertain parentage .... is,
a transitive, interventionist and development-inducing concept , well within
the parameters of mainstream development practice. Capacity building or development of capacity is the language
and strategy now used at all levels. This notwithstanding, it is, as Southern
critics like to point out, a «concept used by Northerners towards Southerners,
with reference to others rather than themselves, and within a context which
sees Southern development organizations as local implementing agents for
Northern policies. In this sense, «capacity » refers largely to the
«absorption capacity » of Southern organizations. » Carmen. R.
And Sobrado M., Those Who don’t Eat and those who don’t Sleep, A Future for the
Excluded, Zed Books, London, 2008.
(Citation de Kaplan, A : «The development of capacity », NGLS
Development Dossier, Palais des Nations, Suisse. )
Why
a Method That Has Shown Such Excellent Results Has Not Spread More
Widely.
«Capacity building » or «organizing and training for the
promotion of people’s initiatives and capacities » are mottos readily
subscribed to by agencies all over the world, and with access to multi-million
dollar resources, all with disappointingly meagre results. This has been the
case not only in the so-called «developing » countries, but also with
the poor and excluded in the «developed » world. Clodomir de Morais
has achieved unrivalled results and successes in this very field, and in three
continents, wherever his vision and interpretation of reality, his method of
capacitation and his programmes for job creation and income generation have
been applied over the last quarter-century. It is a real mystery, then, as to
why his achievements have passed almost unnoticed. Especially by the
aforementioned agencies, and why his method has not become standard practice
all over the world.
«The first reason lies, we think, in the fact that a method that offers
a sure-fire way of developing the autonomous capacities of the poor annoys
those organizations and institutions that appear to operate according to a more
or less cleverly disguised clientelist hidden agenda. This autonomous capacity
goes against the grain, not only of the vested interests of the powers that be,
but also of the culture of dependency and slavish conformity that is typical of
a mutually reinforcing clientelist culture, typical of experts who put the
organizations they are working for at their own service rather than serving
them.
«A second inhibiting factor and one that, we think, has weighed extremely
heavily is the conceptual mode and language, a throw-back to the 1950s, in
which the Theory of Organization is couched. Even though Clodomir’s discourse,
from a purist Marxist-Leninist perspective, is ideologically unorthodox in that
he bases his theory and practice on the organizational capacities of people and
not on the principles of class struggle, this mere association was enough to
brand him and his ideas as instruments of «the Evil Empire », which was
then only too easy for politicians and development experts who, for whatever
reason, felt that his ideas needed rejecting......
«Third, de Morais’ vision and method .... were starved, for too long, of
the proper research, systemization,
conceptualization, theory-building and dissemination that might have made him
more accessible to social scientists.... » Sobrado M.,
Clodomir Santos de Morais : The Origins of the Large-Scale
Capacitation Theory and Method, A Future for the Excluded, ed. Carmen. R. And
Sobrado M., Zed Books,
Assistentialism
«The total ignorance about [those] elementary sociological principles
that have demonstrated their great operational value in the design and
evaluation of projects is also a deplorable fact of life in the so-called
developed countries as in the rest of the world.
« Here, as elsewhere, assistentialist policies and assistentialist
experts peddling their interventionist recipes abound. Much-trumpeted
«empowerment » or «capacity-building » often boils down to
little more than technical training courses that keep young unemployed boys off
the street, or, at best, get them the occasional salaried job. Alternatively,
clusters of training modules and services around the micro-enterprise cure-all
are provided. » Sobrado M., The OW’s :Potential :
Concluding Observations, A Future for the Excluded, ed. Carmen. R. And Sobrado M., Zed Books,
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