Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The Netherlands.
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating
innovative social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive
structures, numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for
women in poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 12: 31 October,
2007
DRAWING OF STOVE MADE FROM
GYPSUM COMPOSITES.
Cooking is the most energy-intensive activity in most
developing countries. Nearly all the fuel used for the comes from bio-mass,
usually wood. Population growth and migration of people from the countryside to
densely populated slums on the fringes of large cities have serious
consequences, including health dangers, air-pollution, de-forestation and
poverty.
For example, wood often has to be brought great
distances, sometimes hundreds of kilometres, by trucks using imported fuel. It
then has to be distributed. This wood is expensive and the money to buy it
leaves the local economy creating a downward poverty spiral. Fuel costs are
often the biggest budget item of families in the developing countries.
Local production of highly efficient stoves under
local LETS systems can eliminate or at least substantially reduce the need to
import wood into the project area. Under the project proposals wood will not be
needed at all. The benefits of just this single project item are dramatic, including:
- elimination of smoke
hazards (the cause of more deaths in the
world than all water-borne and infectious diseases together) in and around
users’ homes.
- reduction of fire risks.
- reduction of risks of
accidental burning and scolding, especially of young children.
- halting the depletion of
forests.
- helping to stop erosion.
- reducing the CO2 emissions.
- reducing smog formation in cities, towns and villages.
- releasing users from an unsustainable financial burden.
- using (some of) the financial saving to finance this whole development
project.
- possibility of earning
carbon emission reduction certificates for sale under the Kyoto Treaty.
The proposed highly efficient gypsum composite stoves
will reduce the bio-mass needed for cooking by up to 60%. The stoves will run
with any kind of fuel. Importantly, the reduced bio mass needed to fuel them
can be 100% locally produced, creating jobs to grow it, to make mini-briquettes
for cooking and to distribute the briquettes. The production of bio-mass for
cooking must not affect the production of local fertiliser for agriculture.
Gypsum composite stoves have been preferred to solar
cookers (though these can always be offered as an option) because the use of
solar energy for cooking does not always coincide with users' eating habits.
The stoves also allow people to retain their customary cooking methods and
preferred pot and pan sizes, and are better adapted to preparing traditional
staple foods. They incorporate heat level control, and will allow circulation
of smoke so that the heat in the smoke is utilised.
The stoves will be locally sized to suit the two or
three most commonly used pots and pans. Each family will buy as many stoves as
it needs and can afford using the local LETS currencies.
a) Temperatures to 300
degrees C.
b) Heating and cooling
cycles twice a day for at least five years.
c) Thermal resistance between warm inner fire wall and
cooler external wall.
d) Ecological production in
low cost labour intensive local production units with 100% local value added
e) Recycling of unwanted (old) items and parts to make new products.
The
stoves burn any sort of fuel. The project provides for locally manufactured
mini-briquettes to be used. The recipes for the mini-briquettes are expected to
vary from one local LETS system to another depending on the materials actually
available and local cooking customs. The burning speed will be controlled by
adding water and/or vegetable oils and/or animal fats and/or dung and/or salt.
Several kinds of mini-briquettes might be available to suit the different
cooking jobs.
The mini-briquettes will be made from local waste
materials like straw, leaves, sticks, paper, and dung. Suitable fast-growing
crops will also be planted to produce enough local bio-mass to make the
mini-briquettes needed in the project area. Using the LETS currency systems,
the growers will either sell the crops directly to mini-briquette manufacturers
or to tradesmen equipped to treat the bio-mass to make it suitable to use in
briquettes.
BIO-MASS FOR PURE PLANT OILS
Mini-briquettes can also be made from press-cake waste
from the local pressing of crops (such as hemp, soy-beans, oil palm, coconut
palm, rapeseed, peanuts) for pure plant oil (PPO) for use with suitably adapted
Diesel motors and generators.
Mini-briquette production for energy efficient stoves
can therefore be economically combined with the local production of pure plant
oil (PPO) for small-scale electricity generation and Diesel motor requirements.
For more information on recent development in
appropriate small-scale bio-fuels technologies refer to the Fact-Fuels website.
Where
their use is not in conflict with local eating habits, solar cookers will be
built under the LETS systems for daytime cooking.
The solar cooker recipients will be made from gypsum
composites.
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