Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The Netherlands.
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating
innovative social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive
structures, numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for
women in poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 12: 01
November 2006
Existing drinking water
facilities in the project area.
There
are (number) water supply systems in the project area. These facilities are
described village by village in the analyses of drinking water
requirements.
The people in (the project area) do not enjoy
adequate hygiene education, sanitation or clean drinking water.
Women and children often have to carry water
over several (how many) kilometres from contaminated sources to their houses.
Much time is wasted fetching dirty water which is then usually drunk with all
its pathogens without treatment and without being boiled. The way water is
provided has other social implications too. The time and effort spent by women
on fetching water could be used to
improve the living conditions of their families in other ways.
Poor water quality throughout the project area
spreads diseases such as (name the diseases). The cost of fighting these often
deadly water-related diseases takes up a large slice of the family incomes. A
goal of the project is to reduce water-borne disease so medical and financial
resources can be re-directed to other health objectives like vaccination
programmes and preventive medicines. Resulting diseases also affect the quality
of life and the productivity of the people.
Supply of readily accessible clean drinking
water for personal and household use will improve the health of the whole
population and ease the pressure of work on women.
The project includes gypsum composite
production units whose first job will be to make water storage tanks and, where
necessary, well linings for the project.
List
of drinking water requirements.
The assessment of drinking water requirements is carried out on the
basis of an average distance not exceeding 10-
Example of calculation of drinking water
requirements.
(Village name).
See map (refer to map in the maps files).
a)
Inhabitants.
(number) family groups, (number) population.
Drinking water supply required @
b)
Source of nearest electricity supply.
c)
Available clean drinking water supply (boreholes)(wells)(handpumps).
d)
Social structures.
There are also:
(number)
Primary schools
--How
many children? By day? Resident?
--Is the school already supplied
with water? Give details
--Is the school connected to the
electricity network?
(number)
Intermediate schools
--How many
children? By day? Resident?
--Is the school already supplied
with water? Give details
--Is the school connected to the
electricity network?
(number)
Hospitals/clinics
--Number of
beds?
--Number of nurses and doctors
--Daily number of visitors?
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number)
Tourist attractions.
--Number of
persons present
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number)
Market places.
--Number of
persons present? How often? How long?
--Existing water supply?
--Connected to electricity network?
--Water requirements??
(number) Churches,
mosques, temples
(Description
of use)
e)
Adaptation existing water supply?
How can existing water
supply structures be brought within the project structures?
Are there any ownership
restrictions?
How can they be solved?
f)
New drinking water supply.
From
several (number) large diameter wells or boreholes, pump a total of (amount)m3
of drinking water per day.
g) Siting
of boreholes/wells.
(List
indicative sites of each well or borehole).
h) Pump installations in each well or
borehole.
Each well with (number) Solar Spring (or a suitable alternative) high
pressure solar pumps, for a total of (number) solar pumps for all of the wells
and boreholes together.
The solar pumps installed in
each well are dedicated according to the following criteria:
1.
One solar pump dedicated to a water tank installation
supplying each (number, usually 200-300) users, being (number, usually 40-50) families.
2.
Schools in each well commission area : one solar pump
dedicated to a drinking water tank
installation for each school.
3.
Clinics in each well commission area : TWO DEDICATED PUMPS each serving one drinking
water tank with (at least 15m3 per day).
4.
Important market places, tourist attractions, public buildings. Separate systems may be
installed where the number of users justifies them.
Each well with triple unit inertia (or alternative hydraulic) back-up
hand-pump-system next to it, for a total of (number) hand pumps for all of the
wells and boreholes together. In wells or boreholes serving very small
communities, a single unit back-up hand-pump may be sufficient.
i) The average expected distance between
each well or borehole listed in f) and the solar pumps installed in it in g) is
: (number) metres.
j) Description of each well or borehole
system.
-
The well or borehole itself.
-
(Number) solar pumps with accompanying electronics.
-
Photovoltaic panel sets being ( indicate peaks watts
to be installed – usually 300-400 Wp)
(number (usually 4 panels with a nominal rating between 75 and 100Wp) for each
solar pump installed, together with panel support fitted with a multipoint hand
tracking system.
-
Fence or similar around PV panel installations.
A triple hand-pump system as backup. (In very small communities a single unit
back-up hand-pump may be sufficient.)
-
A hand pump platform.
-
A washing place.
-
Sink pits for water drainage.
-
Paths for users, whose feet must always remain dry.
-
Simple accommodation for guardians.
-
Any other buildings for well-commission level services
which may be installed in the well or borehole area. An example of these is the
local money system transaction registration units.
-
Any communal gardens for the recycling of waste water
run-off.
k)
Description of each drinking water tank installation.
-
The drinking water tank itself with its fittings.
-
The base for the water tanks.
-
A water tank access area with drainage. Users’ feet
must always remain dry.
-
Sink pits for water drainage.
-
UV purification devices for tanks supplying clinics
and schools.
-
The (imbedded) feed-pipe leading from the well or
borehole to the drinking water tank installation.
-
Any communal gardens for the recycling of waste water
run-off.
l) Well commission ownership.
Ownership
of the following structures is vested in each well commission:
-
The ground where the well or borehole installations
are placed.
-
The well or borehole itself.
-
The fence or similar around PV panel installations.
The back-up hand pump system.
-
The hand pump platform.
-
The washing place.
-
The sink pits for water drainage.
-
The paths for users, whose feet must always remain
dry.
-
The simple accommodation for guardians.
-
Any ground and communal gardens used for the recyling
of waste water run-off.
m)
Tank commission ownership.
Ownership of the following structures is vested in each tank commission:
-
The solar pump with accompanying electronics serving
the drinking water tank.
-
The photovoltaic panel set ,and its supports, serving
the drinking water tank.
-
The drinking water tank itself with its fittings.
-
The base for the water tanks.
-
The water tank access area with drainage. Users’ feet
must always remain dry.
-
The sink pits for water drainage.
-
UV purification devices (for tanks supplying clinics
and schools).
-
The (imbedded) feed-pipe leading from the well or
borehole to the drinking water tank installation.
-
Any communal gardens for the recycling of waste water
run-off.
For a diagram of the proposed water supply structures refer to:
DRAWING OF WATER SUPPLY STRUCTURES.
This
project will be decentralised. About (part of 35) large diameter wells will be
dug using local labour, construction methods and materials supplied under the
local LETS systems and (part of 35) large
diameter boreholes drilled by a specialist operator.
About
6-9 solar submersible horizontal
axis piston pumps or equivalent will be installed in each well or borehole.
Each of the pumps will supply water to a dedicated water tank serving a local
community. The well is the hub of
the supply system. The water pipelines radiating from it are its spokes.
Schools
will each receive one dedicated tank. Clinics, for further safety, will be
served by two tanks, each with its own pump.
Each
of the (35) well/borehole sites will be equipped with back-up hand-pumps.
(Refer to section 09.22 for a
description of a recommended hydraulic hand-pump system). The hand-pumps
will provide drinking water during unusually long periods of bad weather and in
emergencies.
A
communal washing area will be built near each well so that women used to doing
their washing in groups can continue to do so. The backup hand-pumps may also
be used to service the washing areas.
The
water supply is based on a water consumption of (25) litres per person per day.
Since solar energy is to be used to pump the water, bad weather must be taken
into account. For that reason, the tanks need to have a capacity for three
days' use. Each tank will supply about (200) people. The capacity required to
give (25) litres per day to (200) people for three days is (15) m3, the planned
size of the tanks. Supplementary water
supply at the well/borehole sites provides another (25) litres per person per
day. Rainwater harvesting will supply
another (
Forward: agricultural production
and food storage facilities in the project area.
Menu group 3 work files : The present
situation in the project area.
Main menu of project file groups.
Complete index of the project work files.