Director,
T.E.(Terry)
Manning,
Schoener 50,
1771 ED
Wieringerwerf,
The Netherlands.
Tel:
0031-227-604128
Homepage:
http://www.flowman.nl
E-mail:
(nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet
Incorporating
innovative social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive
structures, numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for
women in poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.
"Money is not
the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"
Gesell, Silvio The
Natural Economic Order
Revised English
edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228
Edition 11: 31 October,
2007
The
final budget balance for the drinking water supply structures will be prepared
during the organisational workshop.
The indicative budget typically includes the following
items, expressed in Euro. Together they generally represent about 40%-45% of
the project's formal currency capital goods investments. The form of this
budget is expected to vary greatly from one project to another. The material
below is intended to list some of the factors which are likely to be taken into
consideration.
Notes:
a) The cost of the capacitation workshop for drinking
water supply structures is about
Euro 25.000. This is addition to the items included in the list below.
b) The vehicles and materials in item 30105, the spare
parts in item 30301, and the pick-up costs in item 40105 refer to works carried
out by the local populations under the local money systems. The use of vehicles
and equipment for professional drilling of boreholes are included in the lump
sum per metre in item 70101.
c) Item 60904 represents formal money and local
population contributions to the cost of the main project offices, compound and
depot.
d) Most gypsum-composite based products for drinking
water installations will be made by the gypsum-composite production units
foreseen in each project application. These production units must therefore be
in operation before the installation of the drinking water supply structures
can be completed.
Budget item |
Activity |
Amount in Euro |
Population (Euro) |
Total(Euro) |
30301 |
Spare parts vehicle item
3.01.05 |
1.000 |
0 |
1.000 |
40105 |
4.01.05 Pickup 100km/day x
700 days 70000 km @ Euro 0.25 |
17.500 |
0 |
17.500 |
40404 |
Permits et formalities |
500 |
0 |
500 |
60901 |
Water points (LETS) |
12.000 |
27.000 |
39.000 |
60902 |
Setting up base structures |
3.600 |
7.600 |
11.200 |
60904 |
Washing points (LETS) |
2.000 |
6.000 |
8.000 |
60905 |
Hand pump platforms (LETS) |
2.000 |
6.000 |
8.000 |
60906 |
Enclosures and structures 32
well areas, accommodation guards. (Local purchases). |
15.000 |
12.000 |
27.000 |
60908 |
Panel supports (189) |
7.000 |
6.000 |
13.000 |
60909 |
Laying pipelines (200.000m) |
0 |
20.000 |
20.000 |
60914 |
189 Water tanks capacity
15m3 |
8.500 |
19.500 |
28.000 |
60915 |
189 Water tank bases |
0 |
10.000 |
10.000 |
60916 |
Supervision of
l'installation and training of maintenance artisans |
2.500 |
2.500 |
5.000 |
60918 |
Installation water tanks |
0 |
12.500 |
12.500 |
60919 |
Maintenance water
installations first 24 months |
0 |
3.500 |
3.500 |
60920 |
Installation water
purification equipment in clinics |
0 |
1.050 |
1.050 |
60921 |
Other water purification
installations (pro memorium) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
60923 |
Water quality testing first
24 months |
0 |
2.400 |
2.400 |
30105 |
Vehicles and materials |
25.000 |
0 |
25.000 |
70101 |
Construction 32
boreholes/wells internal diameter. 8” 2500m @ Euro 150 |
375.000 |
0 |
375.000 |
70203 |
200 Solar pumps including
electronic controllers |
207.000 |
0 |
207.000 |
70204 |
Solar panels (189*300 W =
56.7 kW) |
200.000 |
0 |
200.000 |
70205 |
96 stainless steel hand
pumps |
80.000 |
0 |
80.000 |
70206 |
Cables/feed pipes for
pumps/wells |
40.000 |
0 |
40.000 |
70207 |
Feedpipe from wells to tanks
150000m @ Euro 0.50. Voir 7.02.07 |
75.000 |
0 |
75.000 |
70208 |
Spare parts stocks for pumps |
24.000 |
0 |
24.000 |
70209 |
Purification equipments for
schools |
43.900 |
0 |
43.900 |
60922 |
Water quality checking
equipment. See 7.02.20 |
7.500 |
0 |
7.500 |
70304 |
International transport
international |
46.000 |
0 |
46.000 |
70305 |
National transport |
46.000 |
0 |
46.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
1.204.400 |
132.050 |
1.336.450 |
Funds eventually not used will be added to project
reserves and circulated in the form of interest-free micro-credits to increase
local productivity. For example, certain materials and equipment may be locally
available.
The workshop may take the following technical aspects
into consideration:
02. A few details to consider.
01. Establishing base camp and stores
02. Forming the supervisory team for wells and drilling
Personnel : team made up of 6 people
-Team leader brigade
-2 x drivers/mechanics
-3 x part-time workers
03. Assemble well work groups
Personnel : 4 teams each with 7 men:
-Group leader
-Lining worker
-5 labourers
04 Some inventory items
Some of these items are budget-listed above. Others
come under the per metre cost in item 70101. Ownership in capital goods
purchased by the project for the construction and maintenance of wells,
boreholes and drinking water installations passes to the construction and
maintenance cooperatives set up during the capacitation workshop foreseen. These inventory items are then subjected
to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. The cooperatives pay the formal
money capital cost of the equipment into the Local Cooperative Development Fund
over an agreed period. They can pay this money out of their monthly formal
money allowance, part of the project revenues, and/or by doing some work for
formal money outside the project area until the seed capital is repaid. After
repayment, they can gradually build up a reserve to cover replacement
and/or extension of their equipment.
Ownership of water tanks,
tank supports, pumps, pipelines, and photovoltaic generators is vested in the
local tank commissions. These inventory items are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices.
Ownership of water sources,
well areas, back-up hand pumps, platforms, washing places, guards’
accommodation is vested in the well commissions. These inventory items are then
subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Truck 7 ton
Double cabin 4x4
Drilling equipment
Generators
Welding group
Compressor
Air pressure pumps
Hydraulic hammers
Heads for hammers
Lengths 20m pipe dia.25mm
Lengths 20m pipe diam.19mm
Vibration head (diameter).
Motor
Winches
Containers 50 litre
Forms
Tools
Cutting group
Form for platforms
Forms for gypsum composite
items
Materials.
Gypsum/anhydrite
Steel as necessary
Sand and shingle
Wood and various
05 WELL/BOREHOLE CONSTRUCTION (15 MONTHS)
It is assumed that boreholes do not need to be drilled
in all cases. Hand dug wells can be built under the local money systems set up.
They therefore reduce project costs. Costs for each project application will
vary sharply.
Works
-Boreholes 8" internal diameter : construction of
2500 meters @ Euro 150/meter is foreseen with a budget of Euro 375.000
-Hand dug wells indicatively external diameter 2m; internal diameter 1.8m.
-Linings
-Well platform 0.5m high as per drawings
Personnel and fuel . Personnel will usually operate as
a cooperative set up during a capacitation workshop. Employer/employee relationships are not
foreseen under the Model.
Head of brigade
4 x group leaders
4 x lining workers
20x labourers
2 x drivers/mechanics
3 x part-time labourers
Diesel for truck 100km/day
Petrol for (Toyota???) 150km/day
Fuel for drilling equipment
Unforeseen
Forecast group 5 : Euro 375.000. Contributions by
populations under the local money systems will need to be taken into account
needed. They may lead to some reduction in the cost of Euro 375.000 foreseen,
so no extra cost has been added.
Ownership of water sources
is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
06 BUILDING OF PLATFORMS FOR HANDPUMPS
The platforms can be sited next to the wells since the
chosen hand pumps work with bends in the feed pipe.
Material necessary :
-2.25m3 gypsum composite x 200 installations = 225m3 of composite.
-Piece of polyethylene other pipe for drainage to sink pit.
-Stones for sink pit.
-Access to the hand pumps and the platform areas shall be laid out with shingle
paths so that the users' feet do not get wet.
Both the platforms themselves and the labour will fall
under the local money LETS systems
Costs group 6 : Reserve Euro 2000; local populations
Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro 8.000
Ownership of platforms is
vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
07 BUILDING OF ABOUT 32 WASHING PLACES
The washing places will be placed near the wells. No
decision has been taken as to whether the water for the washing places is to
come from the handpumps or whether solar pumps with tanks be installed for the
purpose. The washing places must meet hygiene criteria with:
Hygienic drainage of water to a sink pit or to gardens
Surfaces hygienic and easy to keep clean
No contact between users' feet and water on the ground or water on or around
the washing place.
The washing places will be built and installed under
the local money LETS systems.
Costs
group 7 : Reserve Euro 2000; local populations Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro
8.000
Ownership of washing places
is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
08 AREAS AROUND THE WELLS
The area around the wells must be well protected
against unauthorised access by persons and access by animals.
The wells themselves must be completely sealed off
against insects and anything that could cause contamination of the water.
Access to the PV panels should not be permitted.
Fences and/or other protection must be used. In connection with the risk of
theft, the panels should always be under the supervision of members of the well
commissions.
Individual PV panels may be fitted with a
"chip" enabling recovery in case of theft. The glass of the panels
may be engraved in the centre with the name of the project to further
discourage theft.
Accommodation for the guards has to be built. It is
also likely that LETS transactions centres also be construction in or near to
the well compounds.
Enclosures and accommodation for guards Euro 15000;
local populations Euro 12.000 for a total of Euro 27.000.
Costs group 8 : Euro 27.000
Ownership of well areas is
vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to
regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
09 LAYING OF PIPELINES TO THE TANK INSTALLATIONS
From each well, about 6-8 hygienic pipelines will be
laid to the tanks situated near the homes of the users. In some cases these
pipelines may be several kilometres long. The various separate pipelines will
run through a common shallow trench for as far as possible, and then branch off
each pipeline in a separate shallow trench over the last few hundred meters to
its dedicated tank installation. A few extra lengths of pipeline can be laid in
the common sections of trench for use should installations later be changed or
in case of damage to a pipeline in use. Obstacles such as roads and rivers are
to be avoided. In case of risk that a trench be crossed by vehicles,
appropriate protection for the pipelines shall be used.
The trenches can be dug by the users themselves
against payment under the local money systems set up. Local contribution Euro 20.000
Costs of pipelines
Costs of double rapid couplings
Costs of protection materials
Total costs group
9 Euro 75.000 for the feed
pipe and Euro 20.000 for laying it, for a total of Euro 95.000
Ownership of each pipeline installation is vested in
the tank commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
10 INSTALLATION OF TANKS (ABOUT 200 x 15.000 LITERS)
Cheaper and better
alternatives to concrete tanks will be used. These will be spherical tanks made
from (hygienic) gypsum composite, made locally in a factory to be set up within
the project itself. The tanks will be placed on solid supports. Each tank will
be fitted with two sets of stainless steel two ball valves. The combination of
spherical tanks and supports will offer resistance to all foreseeable weather
conditions.
Costs of tanks
200 x 15.000 litre tanks
reserve Euro 8.500, local contribution 19.500, total Euro 28.000
200 x tank supports, reserve for local contributions Euro 10.000
Water points
400 x 1" stainless
steel ball valves Euro 12.000; local contribution for preparation of water
points Euro 27.000
A few drainage pipes
Shingle for sink pits and paths
Total costs tank installations Euro 65.000
Ownership of each water tank installation is vested in
the tank commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
11. INSTALLATION OF SOLAR- AND HANDPUMPS
Costs
Budget item |
Description |
Price in Euro |
70205 |
About 30 triple unit hand pumps to be built partially under LETS
systems |
80.000 |
70206 |
About
2.700m polyethylene 1 1/4" 16 bar feed pipe for hand pumps |
9.000 |
70206 |
About
9.000m safety rope for pumps |
4.000 |
70206 |
Double
rapid couplings |
1.000 |
70206 |
Electric
cable |
26.000 |
70208 |
Reserve
accessories |
15.000 |
70208 |
Stock
of spare parts for hand pumps |
8.000 |
70203 |
About
200 solar pumps |
207.000 |
70207 |
About
2700m polythene high pressure pipe external diameter 26mm, internal 19mm |
2.500 |
70208 |
Spare
parts for solar pumps |
18.000 |
70304 |
External
transport |
15.000 |
70305 |
Inland
transport |
10.500 |
60916 |
Supervision
installation |
2.500 |
Total indicative cost for installation of solar-and hand pumps
Euro 398.500.
Ownership of each solar pump is vested in the tank
commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
Ownership of each hand-pump is vested in the well
commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular
(interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are
built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
12 INSTALLATION OF PV PANELS
About 200 panel arrays of 48V 4 x 75Wp in series being about 60.000Wp Euro
200.000
Panel supports Euro 7.000 (locally made)
The following aspects concerning panels supports have
to be decided:
-a) can they be made locally?
-b) will each group have its own support?
-c) which type of support?
External transport panels Euro 15.000
Local transport panels Euro 12.000
Cost installation of panels Euro 234.000
Ownership of each photovoltaic installation is vested
in the tank commission whose pump it serves. Formal money costs are then
subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for
long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.
13 INSTALLATION OF UV WATER PURIFICATION UNITS (SCHOOLS
AND CLINICS)
The water is clean when it reaches the tank
installations. The reason for the tank installations is that the following must
be taken into account:
-a) Users need water to be available 24 hours per day.
-b) A water reserve must slowly be built up in case of bad weather (three
days).
-c) The capacity of the tanks must be in line with the capacity of the pumps.
-d) If water is kept in a tank for several days, however well protected against
infection it is, steps should be taken in specific cases to ensure it stays
clean. UV purification systems are therefore foreseen for schools and clinics
within the framework of phase 3 of the project. If sufficient finance is
available, similar protection can be used in the other tank installations in
phase 3, otherwise it can be installed (under an eventual phase 4) later on.
Installation will be done under the local money
systems.
For installations of purification installations in clinics and schools Euro 43.900 is
foreseen with a local contribution
of Euro 1.050 Total Euro 44.950
Ownership of each water purification is vested in the
tank commission where the school or clinic it serves is situated. Formal money
costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.
Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local
Development Fund.
14 WATER QUALITY TESTING EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS.
The water testing equipment is a part of the formal
money investment in the water supply structures. The collection of samples and
coordination is carried out by the people. The testing itself is to be done in one of the clinics.
The cost of the water testing is budgeted at Euro
7.500. Water quality testing over the first 24 months is expected to call for a
local contribution of Euro 2.400.
Total for group 9 is therefore Euro 9.900
Ownership of
water quality testing equipment is vested in the central project
management, which is also responsible for the quality testing structure. Formal
money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation
practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative
Local Development Fund.
15 TRAINING OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND MAINTENANCE
OF WATER STRUCTURES
Training will be carried out during the Water Supply
workshop.
The training is expected to involve a formal money
contribution of Euro 2.500 and a local contribution of Euro 2.500 for a total
of Euro 5.000.
Maintenance of the water structures will be carried
out under the local money systems with a local contribution for the first 24
months of Euro 3.500
On-going operation costs are included in the analysis of systematic outgo.
Section 7.40 Annual formal money income of
the project.
Section 7.30 Systematic formal
expenses of the project.
Section 6.2 Drinking water
structures.
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