#### STICHTING BAKENS VERZET

#### 1018 AM AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS

Director,

T.E.(Terry) Manning,

Schoener 50,

1771 ED Wieringerwerf,

The Netherlands.

Tel: 0031-227-604128

Homepage: http://www.flowman.nl

E-mail: (nameatendofline)@xs4all.nl : bakensverzet

## MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE SELF-FINANCING INTEGRATED RURAL AND POOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT FOR THE WORLD'S POOR

Incorporating innovative social, financial, economic, local administrative and productive structures, numerous renewable energy applications, with an important role for women in poverty alleviation in rural and poor urban environments.

"Money is not the key that opens the gates of the market but the bolt that bars them"

Gesell, Silvio The Natural Economic Order

Revised English edition, Peter Owen, London 1958, page 228

Edition 10: 15 August 2006

#### 01. Budget items relating to the water supply structures

The final budget balance for the drinking water supply structures will be prepared during the organisational workshop.

The indicative budget typically includes the following items, expressed in Euro. Together they generally represent about 40%-45% of the project's formal currency capital goods investments. The form of this budget is expected to vary greatly from one project to another. The material below is intended to list some of the factors which are likely to be taken into consideration.

Notes:

a) The cost of the capacitation workshop for drinking water supply structures is about Euro 25.000. This is addition to the items included in the list below.

b) The vehicles and materials in item 30105, the spare parts in item 30301, and the pick-up costs in item 40105 refer to works carried out by the local populations under the local money systems. The use of vehicles and equipment for professional drilling of boreholes are included in the lump sum per metre in item 70101.

c) Item 60904 represents formal money and local population contributions to the cost of the main project offices, compound and depot.

d) Most gypsum-composite based products for drinking water installations will be made by the gypsum-composite production units foreseen in each project application. These production units must therefore be in operation before the installation of the drinking water supply structures can be completed.

Budget item | Activity | Amount in Euro | Population (Euro) | Total(Euro)
30301 | Spare parts vehicle item 3.01.05 | 1.000 | 0 | 1.000
40105 | 4.01.05 Pickup 100km/day x 700 days 70000 km @ Euro 0.25 | 17.500 | 0 | 17.500
40404 | Permits et formalities | 500 | 0 | 500
60901 | Water points (LETS) | 12.000 | 27.000 | 39.000
60902 | Setting up base structures | 3.600 | 7.600 | 11.200
60904 | Washing points (LETS) | 2.000 | 6.000 | 8.000
60905 | Hand pump platforms (LETS) | 2.000 | 6.000 | 8.000
60906 | Enclosures and structures 32 well areas, accommodation guards. (Local purchases). | 15.000 | 12.000 | 27.000
60908 | Panel supports (189) | 7.000 | 6.000 | 13.000
60909 | Laying pipelines (200.000m) | 0 | 20.000 | 20.000
60914 | 189 Water tanks capacity 15m3 | 8.500 | 19.500 | 28.000
60915 | 189 Water tank bases | 0 | 10.000 | 10.000
60916 | Supervision of l'installation and training of maintenance artisans | 2.500 | 2.500 | 5.000
60918 | Installation water tanks | 0 | 12.500 | 12.500
60919 | Maintenance water installations first 24 months | 0 | 3.500 | 3.500
60920 | Installation water purification equipment in clinics | 0 | 1.050 | 1.050
60921 | Other water purification installations (pro memorium) | 0 | 0 | 0
60923 | Water quality testing first 24 months | 0 | 2.400 | 2.400
30105 | Vehicles and materials | 25.000 | 0 | 25.000
70101 | Construction 32 boreholes/wells internal diameter. 8” 2500m @ Euro 150 | 375.000 | 0 | 375.000
70203 | 200 Solar pumps including electronic controllers | 207.000 | 0 | 207.000
70204 | Solar panels (189*300 W = 56.7 kW) | 200.000 | 0 | 200.000
70205 | 96 stainless steel hand pumps | 80.000 | 0 | 80.000
70206 | Cables/feed pipes for pumps/wells | 40.000 | 0 | 40.000
70207 | Feedpipe from wells to tanks 150000m @ Euro 0.50. Voir 7.02.07 | 75.000 | 0 | 75.000
70208 | Spare parts stocks for pumps | 24.000 | 0 | 24.000
70209 | Purification equipments for schools | 43.900 | 0 | 43.900
60922 | Water quality checking equipment. See 7.02.20 | 7.500 | 0 | 7.500
70304 | International transport international | 46.000 | 0 | 46.000
70305 | National transport | 46.000 | 0 | 46.000
Total |  | 1.204.400 | 132.050 | 1.336.450

Funds eventually not used will be added to project reserves and circulated in the form of interest-free micro-credits to increase local productivity. For example, certain materials and equipment may be locally available.

The workshop may take the following technical aspects into consideration:

02. A few details to consider.

01. Establishing base camp and stores
02. Forming the supervisory team for wells and drilling

Personnel : team made up of 6 people
-Team leader brigade
-2 x drivers/mechanics
-3 x part-time workers

03. Assemble well work groups

Personnel : 4 teams each with 7 men:
-Group leader
-Lining worker
-5 labourers

04 Some inventory items

Some of these items are budget-listed above. Others come under the per metre cost in item 70101. Ownership in capital goods purchased by the project for the construction and maintenance of wells, boreholes and drinking water installations passes to the construction and maintenance cooperatives set up during the capacitation workshop foreseen. These inventory items are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. The cooperatives pay the formal money capital cost of the equipment into the Local Cooperative Development Fund over an agreed period. They can pay this money out of their monthly formal money allowance, part of the project revenues, and/or by doing some work for formal money outside the project area until the seed capital is repaid. After repayment, they can gradually build up a reserve to cover replacement and/or extension of their equipment.

Ownership of water tanks, tank supports, pumps, pipelines, and photovoltaic generators is vested in the local tank commissions. These inventory items are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.

Ownership of water sources, well areas, back-up hand pumps, platforms, washing places, guards’ accommodation is vested in the well commissions. These inventory items are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.

Truck 7 ton
Double cabin 4x4
Drilling equipment
Generators
Welding group
Compressor
Air pressure pumps
Hydraulic hammers
Heads for hammers
Lengths 20m pipe dia.25mm
Lengths 20m pipe diam.19mm
Vibration head (diameter).
Motor
Winches
Containers 50 litre
Forms
Tools
Cutting group
Form for platforms

Forms for gypsum composite items

Materials.

Gypsum/anhydrite
Steel as necessary
Sand and shingle
Wood and various

05 WELL/BOREHOLE CONSTRUCTION (15 MONTHS)

It is assumed that boreholes do not need to be drilled in all cases. Hand dug wells can be built under the local money systems set up. They therefore reduce project costs. Costs for each project application will vary sharply.

Works

-Boreholes 8" internal diameter : construction of 2500 meters @ Euro 150/meter is foreseen with a budget of Euro 375.000
-Hand dug wells indicatively external diameter 2m; internal diameter 1.8m.
-Linings
-Well platform 0.5m high as per drawings

Personnel and fuel . Personnel will usually operate as a cooperative set up during a capacitation workshop. Employer/employee relationships are not foreseen under the Model.

Head of brigade
4 x group leaders
4 x lining workers
20x labourers
2 x drivers/mechanics
3 x part-time labourers
Diesel for truck 100km/day
Petrol for (Toyota???) 150km/day
Fuel for drilling equipment
Unforeseen

Forecast group 5 : Euro 375.000. Contributions by populations under the local money systems will need to be taken into account needed. They may lead to some reduction in the cost of Euro 375.000 foreseen, so no extra cost has been added.

Ownership of water sources is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.

06 BUILDING OF PLATFORMS FOR HANDPUMPS

The platforms can be sited next to the wells since the chosen hand pumps work with bends in the feed pipe.

Material necessary :
-2.25m3 gypsum composite x 200 installations = 225m3 of composite.
-Piece of polyethylene other pipe for drainage to sink pit.
-Stones for sink pit.
-Access to the hand pumps and the platform areas shall be laid out with shingle paths so that the users' feet do not get wet.

Both the platforms themselves and the labour will fall under the local money LETS systems

Costs group 6 : Reserve Euro 2000; local populations Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro 8.000

Ownership of platforms is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.

07 BUILDING OF ABOUT 32 WASHING PLACES

The washing places will be placed near the wells. No decision has been taken as to whether the water for the washing places is to come from the handpumps or whether solar pumps with tanks be installed for the purpose. The washing places must meet hygiene criteria with:

Hygienic drainage of water to a sink pit or to gardens
Surfaces hygienic and easy to keep clean
No contact between users' feet and water on the ground or water on or around the washing place.

The washing places will be built and installed under the local money LETS systems.

Costs group 7 : Reserve Euro 2000; local populations Euro 6.000 for a total of Euro 8.000

Ownership of washing places is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.

08 AREAS AROUND THE WELLS

The area around the wells must be well protected against unauthorised access by persons and access by animals.

The wells themselves must be completely sealed off against insects and anything that could cause contamination of the water.

Access to the PV panels should not be permitted. Fences and/or other protection must be used. In connection with the risk of theft, the panels should always be under the supervision of members of the well commissions.

Individual PV panels may be fitted with a "chip" enabling recovery in case of theft. The glass of the panels may be engraved in the centre with the name of the project to further discourage theft.

Accommodation for the guards has to be built. It is also likely that LETS transactions centres also be construction in or near to the well compounds.

Enclosures and accommodation for guards Euro 15000; local populations Euro 12.000 for a total of Euro 27.000.

Costs group 8 : Euro 27.000

Ownership of well areas is vested in the well commissions. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices.

09 LAYING OF PIPELINES TO THE TANK INSTALLATIONS

From each well, about 6-8 hygienic pipelines will be laid to the tanks situated near the homes of the users. In some cases these pipelines may be several kilometres long. The various separate pipelines will run through a common shallow trench for as far as possible, and then branch off each pipeline in a separate shallow trench over the last few hundred meters to its dedicated tank installation. A few extra lengths of pipeline can be laid in the common sections of trench for use should installations later be changed or in case of damage to a pipeline in use. Obstacles such as roads and rivers are to be avoided. In case of risk that a trench be crossed by vehicles, appropriate protection for the pipelines shall be used.

The trenches can be dug by the users themselves against payment under the local money systems set up. Local contribution Euro 20.000

Costs of pipelines
Costs of double rapid couplings
Costs of protection materials

Total costs group 9 Euro 75.000 for the feed pipe and Euro 20.000 for laying it, for a total of Euro 95.000

Ownership of each pipeline installation is vested in the tank commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.

10 INSTALLATION OF TANKS (ABOUT 200 x 15.000 LITERS)

Cheaper and better alternatives to concrete tanks will be used. These will be spherical tanks made from (hygienic) gypsum composite, made locally in a factory to be set up within the project itself. The tanks will be placed on solid supports. Each tank will be fitted with two sets of stainless steel two ball valves. The combination of spherical tanks and supports will offer resistance to all foreseeable weather conditions.

Costs of tanks

200 x 15.000 litre tanks reserve Euro 8.500, local contribution 19.500, total Euro 28.000
200 x tank supports, reserve for local contributions Euro 10.000

Water points

400 x 1" stainless steel ball valves Euro 12.000; local contribution for preparation of water points Euro 27.000
A few drainage pipes
Shingle for sink pits and paths

Total costs tank installations Euro 65.000

Ownership of each water tank installation is vested in the tank commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.

11. INSTALLATION OF SOLAR- AND HANDPUMPS

Costs

Budget item | Description | Price in Euro
70205 | About 30 triple unit hand pumps to be built partially under LETS systems | 80.000
70206 | About 2.700m polyethylene 1 1/4" 16 bar feed pipe for hand pumps | 9.000
70206 | About 9.000m safety rope for pumps | 4.000
70206 | Double rapid couplings | 1.000
70206 | Electric cable | 26.000
70208 | Reserve accessories | 15.000
70208 | Stock of spare parts for hand pumps | 8.000
70203 | About 200 solar pumps | 207.000
70207 | About 2700m polythene high pressure pipe external diameter 26mm, internal 19mm | 2.500
70208 | Spare parts for solar pumps | 18.000
70304 | External transport | 15.000
70305 | Inland transport | 10.500
60916 | Supervision installation | 2.500

Total indicative cost for installation of solar-and hand pumps Euro 398.500.

Ownership of each solar pump is vested in the tank commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.

Ownership of each hand-pump is vested in the well commission it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.

12 INSTALLATION OF PV PANELS

About 200 panel arrays of 48V 4 x 75Wp in series being about 60.000Wp Euro 200.000
Panel supports Euro 7.000 (locally made)

The following aspects concerning panels supports have to be decided:
-a) can they be made locally?
-b) will each group have its own support?
-c) which type of support?

External transport panels Euro 15.000
Local transport panels Euro 12.000

Cost installation of panels Euro 234.000

Ownership of each photovoltaic installation is vested in the tank commission whose pump it serves. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.

13 INSTALLATION OF UV WATER PURIFICATION UNITS (SCHOOLS AND CLINICS)

The water is clean when it reaches the tank installations. The reason for the tank installations is that the following must be taken into account:
-a) Users need water to be available 24 hours per day.
-b) A water reserve must slowly be built up in case of bad weather (three days).
-c) The capacity of the tanks must be in line with the capacity of the pumps.
-d) If water is kept in a tank for several days, however well protected against infection it is, steps should be taken in specific cases to ensure it stays clean. UV purification systems are therefore foreseen for schools and clinics within the framework of phase 3 of the project. If sufficient finance is available, similar protection can be used in the other tank installations in phase 3, otherwise it can be installed (under an eventual phase 4) later on.

Installation will be done under the local money systems.

For installations of purification installations in clinics and schools Euro 43.900 is foreseen with a local contribution of Euro 1.050 Total Euro 44.950

Ownership of each water purification is vested in the tank commission where the school or clinic it serves is situated. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.

14 WATER QUALITY TESTING EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS.

The water testing equipment is a part of the formal money investment in the water supply structures. The collection of samples and coordination is carried out by the people. The testing itself is to be done in one of the clinics.

The cost of the water testing is budgeted at Euro 7.500. Water quality testing over the first 24 months is expected to call for a local contribution of Euro 2.400.

Total for group 9 is therefore Euro 9.900

Ownership of water quality testing equipment is vested in the central project management, which is also responsible for the quality testing structure. Formal money costs are then subjected to regular (interest-free) amortisation practices. Funds for long-term replacement are built up in the Cooperative Local Development Fund.

15 TRAINING OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER STRUCTURES

Training will be carried out during the Water Supply workshop.

The training is expected to involve a formal money contribution of Euro 2.500 and a local contribution of Euro 2.500 for a total of Euro 5.000.

Maintenance of the water structures will be carried out under the local money systems with a local contribution for the first 24 months of Euro 3.500

On-going operation costs are included in the analysis of systematic outgo.

Section 7.40 Annual formal money income of the project.

Section 7.30 Systematic formal expenses of the project.

Section 6.2 Drinking water structures.

Complete index of the Model.

Main menu for the Model.

List of drawings and graphs.
Typical list of maps.
List of key words.
List of abbreviations used.
Documents for funding applications.

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