ONG Bakens Verzet (“Une autre voie”)
1018 AM Amsterdam, Pays Bas
Rég.numéro
34235506 Chambre de Commerce
BTW/TVA nr.
NL8150.17.972 B01
Banque: Triodos
Bank : IBAN NL90 TRIO 078.13.27.598
Direction
T.E.(Terry) Manning
Schoener 50, 1771 ED Wieringerwerf, Pays Bas
Tél 0031-227-604128;
E-mail: (nomàfindeligne)@xs4all.nl; Homepage: http://www.flowman.nl : bakensverzet
Edition 01: 20 Octobre, 2007
«L’argent n’est pas la clef
qui ouvre la porte au marché mais la clenche qui la barre. »
Gesell Silvio, «The
Natural Economic Order »
Version anglaise révisée,
Peter Owen, Londres 1948, page 228
"À la fin, il s’agit d’aimer l’humanité. La liberté commence avec
l’amour.
Notre défi est d’apprendre à aimer le monde."
L’écrivain Nigérien Ben Okri, ODE Magazine, Déc 2002-Jan. 2003, p.49
MODÈLE POUR PROJETS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT INTÉGRÉ AUTO-FINANCÉ ÉCOLOGIQUE ET DURABLE À FAVEUR DES PLUS PAUVRES AU MONDE
5.69
BENEFICIARIES’ CONTRIBUTIONS
5.69.1 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PROJECT
COSTS.
Willingness to pay at least Euro 3
per month per family of 5 into a Cooperative Local Development Fund was a
condition precedent for the drafting of these project documents. Drawing
showing how the users' contributions are built into the financial structures of
the project. The monthly payment of (Euro 0,60) per person is enough to cover
the entire basic package of services offered. As soon as users are able to pay
more than Euro 3 per family of 5 per month, the services offered can gradually
be extended. The minimum services set up during the first two executive years
of the project are not, therefore, necessarily permanent. Dynamic local
development will take place over the following years. This development will
vary considerably from one part and another in the project area. Water sources
throughout the project area (are, are not) deep-set. Boreholes (need, do not
need) to be drilled. (Distributed drinking water costs will tend to be higher
than those in areas where protected wells can be dug under the local money
systems set up.)
This project application is
self-financing because it allows the recipient communities to fully exploit a
network of sustainable development activities using:
(i)
The
initial capital grant or interest-free seed loan itself
(ii)
Local
Exchange Trading Systems (LETS)
(iii)
Multiple
re-cycled interest-free micro-credits administered by the people themselves.
The micro-credits (typically at least
Euro 2600 per family during the first ten years’ period) are generated by
recycling as rapidly as possible the monthly contributions paid by families
into their Cooperative Local Development Fund, the repayments of loans for
productivity structures established as part of project execution, and any
project reserves available during the loan term. (Since the capital funds are
made available by way of grant, users are not required to pay the capital back
in a lump sum at the close of the first period of ten years. The capital funds
collected in the Cooperative Local Development Fund, equal to the original
capital grant, can either be used for extensions of project services or
continue to be fully exploited for interest-free micro-credits.) (or) (The
capital funds are made available by way of an interest-free ten year loan, the
people pay their loan back in a lump sum after ten years. The amount in the
Cooperative Local Development Fund then drops temporarily back to zero.
However, since the families continue to make their monthly contributions to the
Fund, the amount in the Fund gradually builds up again during the second ten
years period as it did in the first period of ten years, and is again recycled
interest-free for micro-credits for productivity development until it is needed
to pay for capital extensions and replacements after twenty years. At that
point, the Fund dips back to zero again and slowly builds up again during the
third ten-year period and so on in an inherently permanently sustainable way.)
The compensation principle.
Under the compensation principle
applied in the Model, users’ monthly contributions of (about Euro 0,60) per
person are covered by savings on some of their current expenditure as a result of
the execution of the project. For instance, where families now spend a large
slice of their income for wood for cooking or for drinking water or medicines,
these costs will be eliminated or reduced under the projects, releasing formal
money for other uses. Wood will not be used. It will be replaced by
mini-briquettes grown, produced, and distributed under the LETS local money
systems. The supply of drinking water and the maintenance of water supply
structures are already covered under the monthly contributions. General
increases in living conditions (hygiene education, clean drinking water,
sanitation, elimination of smoke, better drainage, a more varied diet) should
lead to less illness and less need to buy medicines.
The Kyoto Treaty.
Some sustainable applications under
the proposed project reduce CO2 emissions. The main one is through the use of
locally-produced high efficiency cooking stoves, others are the substitution of
the use of kerosene lamps by solar home systems, and of some pumping systems by
solar or advanced hand-pump technologies, and the reduction of the use of
non-rechargeable batteries. The application therefore qualifies under the Kyoto
treaty for the issue of CER certificates, which can be traded to industrialised
countries. The value of these certificates will contribute to covering the cost
of the projects and may, over time, cover all their costs, enabling the seed
capital to be recycled for other poverty alleviation initiatives. Each typical
family in the project area typically uses 10kg of firewood per day for cooking.
Efficient cooking stoves should reduce this by 65%, or 6.5kg of firewood per
day. There are (10.000) families in the project area. They represent a typical
expected saving of (10.000) x 6.5kg of wood per day. This is (65) tons per day
and (23.750) tons per year. Expressed in CO2 at a typical ratio of 0.80 tons of
CO2 to 1 ton of wood, annual CO2 savings amount to 18705 tons. The credit for
one ton of CO2 has fluctuated violently since the Kyoto Treaty entered into effect.
In Europe it is currently worth about (Euro 22,50) per ton, but higher prices
can be negotiated in other regions. At Euro 22,50/ton the total annual credit
for the project would be about Euro (535.000). This is in addition to social
savings deriving from improved health, especially of women and children,
time-savings for women who no longer have to fetch wood, and formal money
savings on present outgo for the purchase of fuels for cooking.
(Status of application under the
Kyoto Treaty)
5.69.2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HEALTH COSTS.
Curative health structures are not
formally a part of this project. The relationship of the project with them is
described in section 5.62 of the project documents. As nursing, doctors’,
hospital and ambulance structures are set up, users at the levels of the
respective tank commissions, well commissions, will make modest formal money
contributions into the various sub-funds of Cooperative Health Fund to cover
formal money costs of medicines, materials, and long term capital replacement
of equipment and structures.
5.69.3 CONTRIBUTIONS TO COOPERATIVE
PURCHASING FUNDS.
Cooperative purchasing groups can be
set up amongst interested users, or amongst all the users reporting to a tank
commission, well commission or to the project as a whole. The project will on
request provide free of formal money charges bulk purchasing and administration
facilities for the purchasing groups, provided all the members of the groups
are able to cover both their normal monthly formal money contributions to the
project costs and the extra costs as a member of the cooperative purchasing
group.
Typical annual income of a project
under the Model.
Typical annual expenditure of a
project under the Model
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Tableau des matières du
modèle.
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