NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
03: 13 August, 2010
01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
SECTION A : DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
Study value :
04 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 112 hours out of 504.
Study points
are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
Second block : The problems to be solved.
Study points : 02 points out
of 18
Expected work required: 55
hours out of 504
The two study points will be finally
awarded on successful completion of the consolidated exam for Section A :
Development problems.
Section 1. Analysis of the Millennium Goals. [22
hours]
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the
Millennium Goals.
[04.00 Hours] Preparation report Section 1 of Block
2.
[18.00 Hours] Analysis of the
services made available by integrated development projects.
[05.00 Hours]
Preparation report Section 2 of Block 2.
Second block : Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]
Consolidated exam for Section A : Development problems (for
passage to Section B of the course : [ 6 hours each attempt].
Section
1. Analysis of the Millennium Goals. [22 hours]
[18.00 Hours]
Analysis of the Millennium Goals.
00. Summary of the Millennium
Goals.
01. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger.
02. Achieve universal primary
education.
03. Promote gender equality
and empower women.
06. Combat HIV/aids, malaria
and other diseases.
07. Target 09 : Ensure
environmental sustainability.
07. Targets 10 and 11 :
Water, sanitation and slums.
08. Develop a global
partnership for development.
[18.00 Hours]
Analysis of the Millennium Goals.
00. Summary of the Millennium
Goals. (At least 2 hours).
A GENERAL REFERENCE :
THE EIGHT MILLENNIUM GOALS.
The Millennium Project,
commissioned by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, has produced a
report called A practical plan to achieve the
Millennium Development Goals – 2002-2006. With effect from 1 January 2007 reporting on
the Millennium Development Goals was taken over
by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) which brings out
annual reports on progress made in achieving the Development Goals. The most
recent report at the time of preparing this course was the Millennium Development Goals
Report 2008. The most recent report published is The Millennium Development
Goals Report 2010. Analysis of these documents is included in parts Goals 1-4 and Goals 5-8 in Section 8 of Block 5.
Read the Johannesburg Declaration on
Sustainable Development,
Point 18 of the
Declaration provides :
« 18.
We welcome the focus of the Johannesburg Summit on the indivisibility of human
dignity and are resolved, through decisions on targets, timetables and
partnerships, to speedily increase access to such basic requirements as clean
water, sanitation, adequate shelter, energy, health care, food security and the
protection of biodiversity. At the same time, we will work together to help one
another gain access to financial resources, benefit from the opening of
markets, ensure capacity-building, use modern technology to bring about
development and make sure that there is technology transfer, human resource
development, education and training to banish underdevelopment forever.”
This paragraph
contains two sentences. The first sentence refers to «basic » goods and
services. In the second, reference is made to access (amongst other things) to
financial resources, the opening of markets, the use of modern technology and technology
transfer.
1.
Opinion.
Explain on two pages the « spirit » of paragraph 18.
On one page express the point of view of an inhabitant of a poor country. On
the second page express the point of view of a company director in an
industrialised country.
Point 27 of the
Declaration states :
“27.
We agree that in pursuit of its legitimate activities the private sector,
including both large and small companies, has a duty to contribute to the
evolution of equitable and sustainable communities and societies.”
2.
Opinion.
On one page present your interpretation
of paragraph 27.
Study the Plan of
Implementation of the Millennium Goals declared in
Article 66 (a) section VIII of the Plan of Implementation
Article 66 (a) of the Plan
of Implementation adopted at the World
Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 4th September 2002 together with the Johannesburg Declaration is
part of section VIII of the Plan.
Section VIII is headed “Sustainable development for
Article 66 refers to the
development and management of integrated water resources in
Article 66 (a) reads that one
of the objects of the Plan is to:
“(a) Provide access to potable
domestic water, hygiene education and improved sanitation and waste management
at the household level through initiatives to encourage public and private
investment in water supply and sanitation ……while respecting local conditions
involving all concerned stakeholders……”
The Millennium Development
goals for drinking water and sanitation are therefore to be solved by
encouraging “public and private investment”.
While it is not clear what the words “respecting local conditions
involving all concerned stakeholders” mean, one interpretation of them is that
all established rights, such as existing control by multinational companies of
water supply in some large cities in developing countries, will not be touched
and the status quo will be maintained.
On the other hand, neither in
section 66 (a) nor anywhere else in the Plan of Implementation, are key
development concepts such as “interest”, “monoculture”, “local economies”,
“micro-economic” or “local production”
mentioned. Not once. Anywhere. The term “local development” is mentioned
just once, in Article 19, where it is directly coupled with “national
development”.
The key issue for development, stopping financial leakage from poor
areas, is mentioned only once, indirectly, in article 83 of the Plan of Implementation, where the term
“capital flight ” is used.
3.
Opinion.
On
one page, give your opinion on the comments made above on article 66 of the
implementation plan.
Article 83, section
X, of the Plan of Implementation
Article 83 of the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on
Sustainable Development,
Article 83 reads:
“
Article 83 is an example of
the confusion deliberately created at international level around development
and development aid at the beginning of the 21st century.
It refers to the creation of
necessary conditions for the “mobilisation” of public and private domestic savings.
Which conditions these are, and how and by whom they are to be “mobilised” is
not stated.
Article 83 claims it is
necessary to “sustain adequate levels of productive investment”. Investment by
whom? Productive in which way?
It is said that “productive
investment” is “crucial” to “enhance the
efficacy, coherence and consistency of
macroeconomic policies.” Whose
policies? What are the criteria for
making them efficacious, coherent and consistent?
An “enabling domestic
environment” is said to be one which encourages the private sector and attracts
and makes effective use “of international investment and assistance.”
One of the tasks of the
international community is said to be to make sure that the favourable domestic
environments needed to attract and make use “of international investment and
assistance” are created.
In reality article 83 clearly suggests that the implementation of the
Millennium Goals, and therefore development and the elimination of
poverty, is to be achieved through putting
pressure on the governments of developing countries to continue to privilege
the interests of industrialised nations and multinationals and maintain the
present economic status quo.
4.
Opinion.
One two pages, indicate whether you
agree with the above criticism of
article 83 of the Implementation Plan, explaining your reasons for or against.
Read the article «Achieving the MDGs: The
Fundamentals, » A. Shepherd,
ODI Overseas Development Institute, Briefing Paper 43,
5.
Opinion.
On one page, give your opinion on Shepherd’s
statement.
◄ Second block : Problems to be solved.
◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated
Development (Dip.Int.Dev)
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