NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens
Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
08: 19 April,
2011.
Edition
09 : 27 September, 2011.
01. E-course :
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
SECTION A : DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
Study value :
04 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 112 hours out of 504.
Study points are
awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
First block : Poverty and quality of life.
Study value :
02 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 57 hours out of 504.
Study points
are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
First block : Poverty and quality of life.
First Block :
Section 1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]
First Block : Section 2.
Services needed for a good quality of life.
First Block :
Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]
Block 1 of Section
1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]
Part 2 : In depth analysis of the causes of poverty. [14.00 hours]
01. In depth :
definition of poverty.
02. In depth :
some factors linked with poverty.
03. In depth :
debts and subsidies.
04. In depth :
financial leakages : food and water industries.
05. In depth :
financial leakage : energy.
06. In depth :
financial leakage : means of communication..
07. In depth :
financial leakage : health and education.
08. In depth :
financial leakage : theft of resources.
09. In depth :
financial leakage : corruption.
10. In depth :
the industry of poverty.
Report on Section 1 of
Block 1 : [06.00 Hours]
Part 2 : In depth analysis of the causes of poverty. [14.00 hours]
08. In depth :
Financial leakage : theft of resources. (At least one hour)
Look at the following slide :
08. Financial leakage: theft of resources.
1. Research.
Make a list of your country’s laws on the exploitation of finite natural resources.
2. Opinion.
How are the interests of the local populations protected in the
laws ?
«We hold the land on trust for future
generations »
3. Opinion.
What do you think about this concept?
Which consequences does it bring with
it ?
Finite natural resources.
Read the United Nations
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples passed during the 61st session of the
United Nations Assembly, Resolution 61/295,
Some countries already had constitutional
provisions protecting the rights of local populations. For instance :
Articles 119-126 of the constitution
of Venezuela expressly protect the rights of indigenous peoples in
respect of natural resources.
Article 120 provides:
« Exploitation by the State of the natural
resources in indigenous habitats shall be carried out without harming the cultural,
social and economic integrity of such habitats, and likewise subject to prior
information and consultation with the indigenous communities concerned. Profits
from such exploitation by the indigenous peoples are subject to the
Constitution and the law.”
4. Opinion.
Article 120 excludes ’exploitation by private operators. Why ?
Do you agree with the view expressed in the slide that finite natural
resources are of national interest?
Do you agree with the view expressed in the slide that local populations
have a right to part of the revenues deriving from the sale of finite natural
resources ? If you think they do have such a right, to which part ?
Read Women raise their voices against tree plantations- The role of the
European Union in disempowering women in the South , Friends of the
Earth et al., March 2009.
“…the three studies show that the plantations being
promoted (rubber trees, wood for pulp and oil palms) were in no way designed to
meet the needs of the communities. On the contrary, they were designed on the
basis of an agro-export model geared to the countries of the North – and the
European Union specifically in the cases studied – in order to promote excessive
consumption, made possible thanks to a series of policies that benefit big
corporations.” (p.31)
5. Research.
At this time, which part of revenues from the sale of local finite
resources in your chosen area is invested locally?
How much money is involved ?
Which form doe the investments take ?
Theft of land
“… land grabbing is a serious
threat to the food sovereignty of our peoples and the right to food of our
rural communities.” Stop land
grabbing now ! GRAIN.org,
“Today's farmland grabs are moving fast. Contracts are
getting signed, bulldozers are hitting the ground, land is being aggressively
fenced off and local people are getting kicked off their territories with
devastating consequences. While precise details are hard to come by, it is
clear that at least 50 million hectares of good agricultural land – enough to
feed 50 million families in
“RAI [Principles for Responsible Agricultural
Investment that Respect Rights, Livelihoods and Resources} is out of
step with the times. The whole approach to so-called agricultural development
that it embodies – a greenhouse gas pumping, fossil fuel guzzling, biodiversity
depleting, water privatising, soil eroding, community impoverishing,
genetically modified seed dependent production system – belongs in the 20th
century rubbish heap of destructive, unsustainable development. Just as our
Arab sisters and brothers have been breaking the shackles of old regimes to
recover their dignity and space for self-determination, we need to break the
shackles of the corporate agriculture and food system. “It’s time to outlaw landgrabbing,
not to make it “responsible” ,
GRAIN,
For
a one-page review of the status of land grabbing
activities see : Land Grabs
in Poor Countries Set to Increase by Hilaire Avril
, Inter Press Service,
Rome, September 09, 2010.
Read the article by Vidal J. How food and water are driving
a 21st century African land grab (The Observer,
Read : Odeny E. et al (eds), Landgrabbing in Kenya and Mozambique, Food First
Information and Action Network (FIAN),
Read the article by Olivier
de Schutter, the UN
Special Reporter on the right to food, Responsibly
Destroying the World’s Peasantry. (Project Syndicate
, www.project-syndicate.org
2010).
Read the article Africa up for grabs : the scale and impact of land grabbing for agrofuels, edited by H.Burley
and A.Bebb, Friends of the Earth,
“ There
are over 2,500 bilateral investment treaties (BITs), which
protect investors from changes to host government policy and which may be
impairing the ability of countries to regulate investments
effectively. The
opportunity for investors to challenge public policy through arbitration
procedures under these BITs weakens developing countries’
capacity to regulate their food, land, and water sectors, as well as to
introduce policies that promote food security and poverty reduction.” (Zagema B., Land and Power : The growing
scandal surrounding the new wave of investments in land, Oxfam
Briefing Paper 151, Oxfam, Oxford, 22 September, 2011, ISBN 978-1-84814-947-2,
p. 38.) This Oxfam document is a
well-referenced denunciation of land-grabbing practices.
Renewable natural
resources.
6. Opinion.
Do you agree with the view expressed in the slide that renewable natural
resources belong to the local populations?
Do you agree with the view expressed in the slide that local populations
have the right to 100% of the income from the sale of renewable natural
resources from their area?
Read the
agreement reached between the European Union and Senegal on fishing rights off
the coast of Senegal. Fishing rights “purchased” by European
countries have led to the end of the traditional activities of fishing villages
on the Atlantic coast of
The case of fishing rights in
lake Victoria is another well-known example. “These
days, you sometimes go out there and come back empty-handed." (Charles Kyaba, fisherman,
“It is no
exaggeration to characterize these forerunners [the East India Company
chartered in 1600 and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1602 – note Bakens Verzet) ] of contemporary
publicly traded limited liability corporations as, in effect, legally
sanctioned and protected crime syndicates with private armies and navies backed
by a mandate from their home governments to extort tribute, expropriate land
and other wealth, monopolize markets, trade slaves, deal drugs, and profit from
financial scams.” ( Korten
D, On the Origin of Corporations, YES
! Magazine, March 07, 2011)
Which
part of revenues from renewable natural resources in your project area is at the
disposal of the local populations?
How much is involved ?
How do you think local renewable natural
resources can be better exploited in the interests of the local populations?
◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip.Int.Dev)
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