NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
02: 21 April, 2010
01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
SECTION A : DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
Study value :
04 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 112 hours out of 504.
Study points
are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
First block : Poverty and quality of life.
Study value :
02 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 57 hours out of 504.
Study points
are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
First block : Poverty and quality of life.
First Block : Section 1.
Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]
First Block : Section 2. Services needed for a good quality of
life.
First Block : Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]
Block 1 of Section
1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]
Part 2 : In depth
analysis of the causes of poverty. [14.00
hours]
01. In depth : definition
of poverty.
02. In depth : some
factors linked with poverty.
03. In depth : debts and
subsidies.
04. In depth : financial
leakages : food and water industries.
05. In depth : financial
leakage : energy.
06. In depth : financial
leakage : means of communication..
07. In depth : financial
leakage : health and education.
08. In depth : financial
leakage : theft of resources.
09. In depth : financial
leakage : corruption.
10. In depth : the
industry of poverty.
Report on Section 1 of
Block 1 : [06.00 Hours]
Part 2 : In depth
analysis of the causes of poverty. [14.00
hours]
07. In depth : Financial
leakage : health and education. (At least one hour)
Look at the following slide:
07. Financial leakage : health and education.
Health
Improved health
The following
quotation from Part 1 : 07. Financial leakage : health
and education is repeated:
«In the year 2000, Dr. J. Koplan, the director of the
US-Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),pointed out that a
person in 1900 could expect to live on average, to the age of 45. Today, in
developed countries, life expectancy is nearly 80 years. Of the 35 years of
lifespan people in developed countries have gained, only about five years have
been attributed to advances in curative medicine. The other 30 years of
lifespan have been attributed to improvements in sanitation, health education,
the effect of vaccines, and other hygiene and public health advances. The
retreat of the great levels of diseases was due to more urban improvements,
superior nutrition, and public health and hygiene rather than to curative
medicine (Koplan, 2000). Towards
sustainable global health
ed. Exner M., Klein G et al, United Nations University, Institute for
Environment Education and Human Society, Source 11/2008, p. 24.)
"The incidence of all of
these infectious diseases was dropping very rapidly, starting in the 1930s.
After World War II, the incidence continued to drop as living conditions
improved. Clean water, central heating, the ability to bring oranges from
(For information on Gary Null see : http://www.garynull.com).
Look at the following graphs :
Graph United
States mortality rate from measles, scarlet fever, typhoid, whooping cough, and
diphtheria from 1900-1965 shows the reduction in five infectious illnesses
in the
Graph United States life
expectancy at birth, age 20, age 40, age 60 1900-1998 shows the increase in
life expectancy in the United States in the 20th century. It shows
that the most important variation is attributable to life expectancy at birth,
the increase for which is shown to be 29 years. The difference for people
having reached the age of 20 years is just 15.6 years. This shows the most important
improvement refers to the childhood period, consonant with our knowledge
of child mortality due to illness and
diarrhoea. Life expectancy of people aged 20 improved by just 6.3 years between
1950 and 1998. The greatest increase in
life expectancy in the
1. Opinion.
What is the relevance of the two graphs
to development policies in your chosen area?
Health and local development.
Read the document public health
structures which is part of the Model for integrated development projects.
During your Part 1 analysis 07.Financial leakage : health and education you
prepared a list initiatives which you could carry out in your project area to
“recover” the 30-35 years mentioned in the Koplan citation above.
2. Opinion.
Make a list of the structures you would
need to carry the initiatives out.
The role of the pharmaceutical multinationals.
GAVI-The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation is an example public-private partnership foreseen in
section 8 of the Declaration on Sustainable Development signed during the seventeenth
plenary session of the World Conference on Sustainable Development signed in
Johannesburg on the 4th of September
2002.
GAVI partners include the World Bank, the World Health
Organisation, governments of some of the most powerful industrialised
countries, vaccine research institutes in industrialised and emerging countries,
pharmaceuticals multinationals producing vaccines, including Glaxo Smith Kline
and Merck, and the Gates Foundation
which made an initial contribution of US$ 750.000.000 to the Fund in 1999. Nine
Council members are described as “independent”, amongst whom the Chairperson,
Mary Robinson.
GAVI controls a
GAVI’s
main job is «immunisation of more children and adults in developing countries
with a wider range of vaccines.’’ 43% percent of the vaccines used are produced
in “emerging” countries. Who controls the factories in the emerging countries
is not stated. In July 2008
President Bush approved a contribution of
$US 48.000.000.000 to fight AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. (Source : BBC News, 30 July, 2008.)
3. Opinion
What is the
relationship between GAVI’s goals and your conclusions on health improvement in
your project area?
Where, in
your opinion, will funds for research and vaccines finish up ?
US$ 51.700.000.000
would be enough,, following the Model for integrated development projects that
you are studying, to ensure a good quality of life for 500.000.000 people.
4.Opinion.
What is your opinion on this, when it is
compared with the way the money is presumably spent under the GAVI initiative?
Local education costs:
5. Research.
Who go to school in your chosen
area ? For how long ?
How many schools there are public and how many private ?
How much do they cost ?
Who pays for them?
The following slides show goals 2 and 3 of the
Declaration on Sustainable Development signed during the seventeenth plenary session
of the World Conference on Sustainable Development signed in
Millennium Goal
2 on primary education.
Solutions to primary education offered by integrated
development projects.
6. Opinion.
Goal
2 refers only to primary education. Why ?
What is the likelihood your country, in
the present situation, achieve this goal ?
Millennium Goal 3 on sex equality.
Solutions provided by integrated development
projects.
7. Opinion.
What is the present situation in your country in relation
to Millennium Goal 3 ?
What is the present situation in your
project area in relations to Millennium Goal 3 ?
Education and local development.
Read the section of the Model for integrated development projects on initiatives in the education sector.
The main problem for the execution of
the education programme is the rapid availability of teachers.
8. Opinion.
How can this problem be resolved in your chosen area ?
How could on-going professional training be provided for new teachers?
The brain drain.
9. Research.
Make notes on the brain drain from your country and from your project
area.
Consider your project area.
10. Research.
Who have left the area ?
What is your relationship with them ?
Where have they gone ?
Why have they left the area ?
11. Research.
Get in touch with some of them.
Under which conditions would they be willing to return to the
area ?
◄ First block : Poverty and
quality of life.
◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip.Int.Dev)
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