NGO Another Way (Stichting Bakens Verzet), 1018 AM Amsterdam, Netherlands.

 

Edition 03: 06 November, 2010

 

01. E-course : Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)

 

 

Quarter 1.

 

 

SECTION A :  DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.

 

 

Study value : 04 points out of 18.

Indicative study time: 112 hours out of 504.

 

Study points are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development Problems has been passed.

 


 

First block : Poverty and quality of life.

 

Study value : 02 points out of 18.

Indicative study time: 57 hours out of 504.

 

Study points are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development Problems has been passed.

 


 

First block : Poverty and quality of life.

 

First Block : Section 1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]

First Block : Section 2. Services needed for a good quality of life.

First Block : Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]

 


 

Block 1 of Section 1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]

 

Part 2 : In depth analysis of the causes of poverty. [14.00 hours]

 

01. In depth : definition of poverty.

02. In depth : some factors linked with poverty.

03. In depth : debts and subsidies.

04. In depth : financial leakages : food and water industries.

05. In depth : financial leakage : energy.

06. In depth : financial leakage : means of communication..

07. In depth : financial leakage : health and education.

08. In depth : financial leakage : theft of resources.

09. In depth : financial leakage : corruption.

10. In depth : the industry of poverty.

 

Report on Section 1 of Block 1 : [06.00 Hours]

 


 

Part 2 : In depth analysis of the causes of poverty. [14.00 hours]

 

05. In depth : Financial leakage : energy.

 

Look at slide :

 

05. Financial leakage : energy. 

 

Solar energy

 

You can use this world solar irradiation map to have an idea of the importance of solar resources in your chosen project area.

 

1. Research.

 

What are your conclusions on solar irradiation resources in your project area ?

 

Collect more detailed information on solar irradiation in your project area. If no specific information is available for your area,  collect information on your region. If that is also unavailable, collect solar irradiation information on your country.

 

What are your conclusions ?

 

Transformation of energy into a commercial product.

 

 

2. Research.

 

Which initiatives for the  small-scale transformation of local energy resources have been applied in your project area? If no specific information is available for your area,  collect information on your region. If that is also unavailable, collect solar irradiation information on your country.

 

What is the potential for small-scale transformation of local energy in your chosen area?

 

Which initiatives for large-scale transformation of local energy resources, if any,  have been applied in your chosen  area ?

 

Which large-scale  transformations of energy are imported into your project area ?

 

What are your conclusions ?

 

Energy : one of the main causes of financial leakage.

 

You have already made a list of imported energy resources in your analysis.

 

In the preceding section on «the transformation of energy», you have considered the importation into your project area of energy transformed on a large scale.

 

Energy can be in a natural form (for example, coal, biomass, natural vegetable oils) or transformed (for example, electricity, industrial fertilisers, petrol).

 

3. Research.

 

Make an analysis of the energy requirements of your project area.

 

Why can’t they be met through local production?

 

In his speech in acceptance of the The Right Livelihood Award 1999 the German politician Hermann Scheer said  «Solar energy is the energy of the people. To use this energy does not require big investments of only a few big corporations. It requires billions of investments by billions of people.”

 

4. Opinion.

 

What do you think of Hermann Scheer’s statement?

 

Fertilisers.

 

Our urine (and our composted faeces) provide sufficient fertiliser for the food production we need to survive. Recycling of urine and faeces therefore plays one of the most important roles integrated development projects under the Model.

 

Following the principles of  the use of urines and faeces as fertilisers hunger can be avoided. Urine from family members mixed with household grey water (without faeces!) in a ratio of 1 part urine and 10 parts of grey water provide 20 litres of immediately usable risk-free  fertiliser per person per day, for the cultivation of fruit and vegetables. For a family with five members, that is about 100 litres of fertiliser per day.

 

Check the list of  annexes to the  main index  of the Model and, especially, the  list of key words used during this course, for other texts on the recycling or urine and faeces.

 

Consider :

 

Fertilisers: recycling of urine and  faeces : minimum per person per year (500 litres being 400 litres urine; 100 litres faeces) providing 5.7 kg N (nitrogen), 0.6 kg P (phosphorus), and 1.2 kg K (potassium).  This is enough to grow 230 kg of cereals per person.

 

For a project area with 50.000 people: 285.000 kg  (285 tons) of N ; 30.000 kg  (30 tons of P); and  60.000 kg K (60 tons). Enough for 11.500.000 kg  (11.500 tons) of cereals.

 

Price in month  8/2008 of fertilisers based on N = € 300/ton x 285 = Euro 85.500 ; based on P = € 820/ton x 30 = € 24.600 ; based on K = €330/ton x 60 = €19.800.

Total  value at rates applying month 8/2008= € 129.900/year

Suppose urine and faeces were to be recycled in your project area.

 

5. Opinion.

What would that mean to food security in your project area?

What would the savings in the costs of importation of food into the project area be?

 

Cooking fuels.

 

Suppose a local industry  (one production unit for each 1500 inhabitants) for the manufacture of mini-briquettes using in part  recycled domestic waste, local crop waste, and specially grown crops were to be set up in your project area.

 

Look at sections  01. Introduction, 06  Costs and benefits analysis : introduction et 07. Costs and benefits analysis : details of part 3 of section 3 :Costs and benefits analysis of block 8 Economic aspects  of the course.

 

6. Opinion.

 

Make a calculation of the financial benefits for your chosen area taking the elimination of the need to search for wood, and  to purchase wood and other cooking fuel  costs, automatic reforestation, and the potential offered by the Kyoto treaty into account.

 

Energy as an instrument of sustainable production.

 

7. Opinion.

 

Make an  analysis of the basic energy requirements for your chosen area necessary for a good quality of life for all.

 

Give the requirements a reasoned order of priority.

 

Is it possible to locally  supply (potentially) the necessary energy?

 

New energy products (Kyoto) which exclude the poor

 

Make yourself familiar with the Kyoto protocol  to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

 

8. Opinion.

 

Which factors make it difficult for small-scale projects to qualify for benefits under the Kyoto treaty ?

 

Why did the Bush Administration refuse to sign the Kyoto protocol ?

 



 First  block : Poverty and quality of life.


Index : Diploma in Integrated Development  (Dip.Int.Dev)

 List of key words.

 List of references.

  Course chart.


 Courses available.