NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens
Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
01: 10 November, 2009
01. E-course :
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip.
Int. Dev.)
SECTION B :
SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS.
Value: 06
points out of 18 .
Expected work
load: 186 hours out of 504.
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Value : 03 points out of 18
Expected work load: 96 hours
out of 504
The points
are finally awarded only on passing the consolidated exam for Section B :
Solutions to the Problems.
Fourth
block: The structures to be created.
Section 1.
Justification of the order of sequence for the creation of the structures.
[16 hours]
14.00 hours: Justification of the order of sequence for the
creation of the structures.
02.00 hours : Preparation
report.
Section 1.
Justification of the order of sequence for the creation of the structures.
[16 hours]
14.00 hours: Justification of the order of sequence for the
creation of the structures.
3. The first phase of execution.
4. The second phase of execution.
5. The third phase of execution.
6. Chart showing the execution structures.
02.00 hours : Preparation
report.
14.00 hours: Justification of the order of sequence for the
creation of the structures.
1. Nesting and subsidiarity. (At least 2
hours).
Read
the notes your made during your work on 01. The chain of responsibilities in section
2 of Block 3 of
the course.
Summary
of the sequence for the creation of the structures
First, about 200 Health Clubs, each based on 40
families (200-300 people) are set up. They form a platform for women, to make
sure they can organise themselves in groups and participate en bloc at local development meetings and to
play a dominant role in the various social, economic, service and productive
structures set up. This is the most
critical part of the project. Without the qualified participation of women,
the project will not be able to reach all of its objectives. The project has
yet to build up the full confidence of the people, and the women participating
in the first workshop to set the health clubs up are asked to dedicate a lot of
their time without payment. This may create social difficulties at household
level and even loss of income. Full payment for project activities can only be
introduced once the local money system is in operation. This can only be done
once the health clubs are operative and the social structures have been formed.
If necessary, the workshop for the formation of
the +/- 200 Health Clubs will have to be
repeated.
Once the Health Clubs are in operation, about
200 tank or local development commissions are set up. They are based on the
same groups of 40 families (200-300 people). The commissions each have 3 - 5
members, all or at least most of whom are women. These commissions are the
heart of the project. They in turn elect about 35 intermediate of well
commissions, which in turn choose a central management unit.
Once the tank and well commissions and the
central management unit are in place, it is possible to set up the local money
systems which offer the inhabitants in the project area means for the transfer
of all locally produced and consumed goods and services. The art is at this
point to identify and use technologies enabling most of the goods and services
necessary to local development and a good quality of life in the project area
to be produced with 100% local value added. Such goods and services can then be
produced, installed, maintained and paid under the framework of the local money
systems set up, without the need for any formal money at all. An example
applied in this project is the possibility to produce, install, manage, and
maintain a complete dry composting eco-sanitation structure through out the
project area without the need for a cent of formal money. The costs of running
the local money systems are covered under the local money systems themselves.
Once the LETS local money systems are in place,
a distinction can be made between what can be done under the local money
systems and what must be “imported” into the project area. Goods and services
needed for basic urgently needed services
such as clean drinking water supply, use is made of the project’s seed
funds to cover the formal money (Euros) cost of imported goods and services.
For other initiatives cooperative interest-free micro-credit structures are put
in place. These recycle the users' monthly contributions (usually between Euro
0,60 and Euro 0,75 per person) to the Cooperative Local Development Fund
interest-free for credits for sustainable productivity purposes, for the
purpose of purchasing goods for productivity increase not locally produced. The
micro-credit systems will allow at least Euro 1500 of interest-free
micro-credit per family during the first ten years of the project. Probably
more, as the Euro 1500 is conservatively based on an average two-year pay back
time. The Cooperative Local Development Fund is set up as a project structure.
It belongs to, and is run by the people themselves, at the beginning with
professional support through the project Coordinator.. The costs of running the
micro-credit structures are covered under the local money systems.
Once the cooperative micro-credit structures
and the LETS local money systems are in place, the production structures can be
set up, and in particular units for the production of articles from gypsum
composites. Amongst the priority items for manufacture in these factories are
products necessary for the water supply project such as water tanks, well
linings, water containers, etc. When
capacity is available they can start making the planned ecological sanitation
systems, and other necessary items such as high efficiency stoves, rainwater
harvesting systems, construction components. Since cheap gypsum or anhydrite
deposits are (usually) present or near the project area, no formal money is needed
either for the raw materials or for production. Installation and maintenance.
1.
Opinion.
On one page explain why the formation of
the health clubs is so critical. Think of the time necessary to attend the
workshop, the need for the women to make that time available, the cultural
difficulties they face to be able to take part in the workshops, logistical
problems, the lack of support for the project which is just starting, un-kept
promises made on other occasions by national and international helpers.
Protection
of funding parties.
For more
information on the protection of donors see 17. Protection of the interests of funding parties
in section 1 Project costs part of block 8 Economic aspects.
The Model incorporates innovative ways of protecting investors’ and donors’ investments.
Project execution passes through a series of logical
steps in the creation of the project structures. First the social structures
are created, then the financial structures, then the productive structures, and
finally the service structures.
Exposure of investors at any one point of project execution is limited. Work on
next following structures does not take place until the preceding structures
are in place and in operation.
The new capital content of project structures
tends to increase with progress in project execution. The first (the social and
financial) structures to be set up have relatively low formal money capital
content. The second (the productive) structures have an intermediate level of
capital content. The last (the service) structures, and especially the
distributed drinking water structures, have the highest level of capital
content. By the time the service structures are to be installed, most of the
work on them can be done under the local money system, operational costs and
formal money reserves for maintenance and long-term replacement are already
being collected, and local production of
items necessary for the service structures is already under way.
2.Opinion.
You are a donor. Write a page with your
observations, doubts and criticisms. Have you ever come across these concepts
before ? You are expected to raise at least 5 points you are not sure
about.
Nesting
and subsidiarity.
The
importance of nesting and subsidiarity was raised in 01. The chain of responsibilities in section 2 of Block 3 of the course.
Structures should operate at
the lowest possible level. Sustainable management structures are built up by
using individual and basic social groups. This level corresponds with the one
described in 01. First level :
hunters and gatherers in the
three-tiered anthropological analysis in Block 3 :The solutions to the problems of the course..
By
way of example, sanitation structures provided within the framework of
integrated development projects can be installed using items manufactured from
gypsum composites by local production units set up in an earlier phase of the project . The production units can only be set up once the
local money system is in place. The local money systems cannot be created until
the social structures are operative. The social structures can only be elected
once the health clubs are working properly, enabling women to organise
themselves at the level of the (future) tank commissions and participate fully
in the elections.
3.
Opinion.
Suppose you have drafted an integrated
development project for you chosen area. You have approached a donor for a
contribution to the initial funding of the project. He does not think your
project is realistic. On one page make a list of 10 items to convince him your project is
realistic and the you have « both feet on the ground ».
The
selfish gene of development.
Each
structure created in the course of integrated development projects is born,
grows and develops organically. Just like Richard Dawkins’ selfish gene
(Dawkins R., the Selfish Gene, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1976 ISBN 0
19857519X) the development gene uses any form of «survival
apparatus » which is useful for its survival. It is born in the
«primordial soup » of human social history and learns to adapt to he
changes which take place around. It is
the load-bearing element of the individual, of the family, of hunter-gatherers, of tribes, of states , of
mass societies. The «survival apparatus » takes different forms, but the
development gene itself has not undergone mutations. It selfishly makes use of
the means available to it to ensure
its own existence.
At
the beginning there was only the selfish gene of development.
But
it is has weakened. It risks extinction.
That’s
why we need to return to basic human societal structures to identify the
development gene and help it with its task
of adaptation at all levels so that it is equipped with the instruments
necessary for is survival.
Think
of the contemporaneous activities of +/- 200 tank commissions, 35 well
commissions, the central committee as they are all busy independently of each
other, with the execution and operation of many social, financial, productive
and service programmes amounting in fact to thousands of micro-projects each
with its own course.
4.
Opinion.
You are a development gene. On one page
describe your impressions of an integrated development project.
The
concept of on-going dynamic vertical and horizontal interaction amongst
numerous independent organs may seem to be an invitation to participate in
chaotic games.
However,
that’s exactly what happens in our everyday existence. We, our family, our
friends, and the members of society around us all go about our own lives,
contemporaneously performing all kinds of tasks in some way or another
coordinated with each other, without our having the sensation of living in the
midst of chaos.
5.
Opinion.
On one page explain the parallels
between our everyday life situation and integrated development projects.
◄ Fourth block : Section 1. Justification of the order of
sequence for the creation of the structures.
◄ Fourth block : The structures to be created.
◄ Main index for the Diploma in Integrated Development
(Dip. Int. Dev.)
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