NGO
Another Way (Stichting Bakens
Verzet), 1018 AM
Edition
04: 19 October, 2010.
Edition
05 : 15 September, 2011.
01. E-course :
Diploma in Integrated Development (Dip. Int. Dev)
SECTION A : DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS.
Study value :
04 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 112 hours out of 504.
Study points
are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development
Problems has been passed.
First block : Poverty and quality of life.
Study value :
02 points out of 18.
Indicative
study time: 57 hours out of 504.
Study points
are awarded only after the consolidated exam for Section A : Development Problems
has been passed.
First block : Poverty and quality of life.
First Block :
Section 1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]
First Block : Section 2.
Services needed for a good quality of life.
First Block :
Exam. [ 4 hours each attempt]
Block 1 of Section
1. Analysis of the causes of poverty. [26.50 hours]
Part 2 : In depth analysis of the causes of poverty. [14.00 hours]
01. In depth :
definition of poverty.
02. In depth :
some factors linked with poverty.
03. In depth :
debts and subsidies.
04. In depth :
financial leakages : food and water industries.
05. In depth :
financial leakage : energy.
06. In depth :
financial leakage : means of communication..
07. In depth :
financial leakage : health and education.
08. In depth :
financial leakage : theft of resources.
09. In depth :
financial leakage : corruption.
10. In depth :
the industry of poverty.
Report on Section 1 of
Block 1 : [06.00 Hours]
Part
2 : In depth analysis of the causes of poverty.
[14.00 hours]
04. In depth :
Financial leakages : food and water industries.
Look at this slide :
04. Financial leakage: food industries and drinking
water.
“Success
in producing food has been accompanied by a failure to provide an improved
entitlement to that food….. Exclusive emphasis on food production has led
towards “the dissolution of systems of rural livelihood’’ and the erosion of
exchange entitlements. The extra food produced enables the nation to reduce food imports or
increase exports, but does not necessarily lead
to more being eaten.” (Pacey A. and Payne P. ) (ed.) Agricultural Development and Nutrition,
For a
recent analysis of the consequences of industrial farming and the use of
genetically modified crops, read the article by R. Cummins, Industrial Agriculture and
Human Survival : The Road Beyond 10/10/10, published by
Organic Consumers Association, October 7, 2010, Finland MN 55603 (USA).
1. Food dependence.
1. Opinion.
What do you think «food self-sufficiency means » ?
Who, in the modern world, enjoy food
self-sufficiency ?
Take the following in turn :
Industrialised countries, a) large towns b) rural areas.
Emerging economies, a) large towns b) rural areas.
Least developed countries, a) large towns b) rural areas.
2. Opinion.
Which differences between industrialised,
emerging, and least developed countries emerged in your analysis of food
sufficiency ?
Is there any difference between an inhabitant in an
industrialised country without
self-sufficiency in food and an
inhabitant in a poor country without self-sufficiency in food?
Suggested reading : Agriculture in the
City. A Key to Sustainability in
2. Imposed production standards.
The International Standards Organisation (ISO) has developed more than 17500
international standards and 1100 new
standards are added each year.
Other influential standards organisations include :
American National Standards
Institute ANSI,
Association Française de Normalisation AFNOR,
British Standards Institute BSI,
Deutsches Institut für Normung DIN.
The texts of the standards are not (legally) made available to the
public free of charge.
3. Opinion.
Why do you think the texts of standards
are so expensive ?
What is your view on the (high)
compliance costs needed to meet the standards ?
What do you think about the high costs
of completing tests necessary to be able to comply with and obtain a
certificate of compliance with the standards?
What are your conclusions?
4. Opinion.
Relate
your conclusions to control of industrial production structures.
In 2002
Read : Goldsmith E., Lack of
“Hygiene” as a pretext for closing down small food producers, Right Livelihood
Award Foundation,
5. Opinion.
What do you think was behind the proposal for the compulsory
pasteurisation of milk ?
Why were French farmers opposed to it?
6. Opinion.
Relate you conclusions to the risk of
loss of control by producers over their production.
3. Food conservation.
7. Research.
Why do we conserve food ?
Which systems were traditionally used
for the conservation of food in your project area? For which foods ?
You may wish to consider, amongst other techniques, drying, the use of brine,
vegetable oils, and glass.
Remember that food was traditionally conserved for a short term (for
example butter and cheese) and for a long term (for example drying, pickling,
and jams).
8. Opinion.
Make a comparison between industrially
canned and bottled foods and the use of freezing and vacuum packing.
What do you know about
solar
drying?
9. Opinion.
What do you think about the risk of loss
of control by producers over their own production?
4. Freezing, vacuum packing, and packaging of foods.
10. Research.
Make a list of the main food industries
in your chosen area, in your region, in your country.
How big are they?.
Estimate the capital invested in them.
Who own them ?
Where are the foods in question
produced ?
Where are the industrialised food
products consumed?
Indicate the relation between the
turnover of the food industries in your project area, in your region, in your
country with the state budget of your country.
What are your conclusions ?
11. Opinion.
What is the relationship between your
conclusions and the risk of loss by producers of control over the food they produce ?.
5. Monoculture and imported foods.
12. Research.
Describe the monoculture the closest to
your project area.
Human
right to adequate food is exercised when “every man, women, or child, alone or
in a community with others, has physical and economic access at all times to
adequate food or means for its procurement.” Suárez
S., Emanueli M, Monocultures and human rights, Food
First Information and Action
Network (FIAN), Heidelberg,
and Habitat International Coalition Regional Office Latin America, Mexico City, June 2009,
p. 7.
Production of staple foods:
13. Research.
How many people work on the production
of staple foods in your project area ?
How many are women and how many are men?
How many hours a day do they work?
How many days a year do they work?
How much do they earn?
What are the maximum, median, and
minimum revenues?
Who controls the level of the
revenues ?
Who supply the seeds? Who determines
their price?
Who supply the fertilisers? Who sets
their price?
What is the level of food security where
local harvests are lower than
expected ?
Industrial food production:
14. Research.
How many people are active in industrial
food production in your project area ?
How many are women and how many are men?
How many hours a day do they work?
How many days a year do they work?
How much do they earn?
What are the maximum, median, and
minimum revenues?
Who controls the level of their
salaries ?
What is the level of food security where
local harvests are lower than
expected ?
Some consequences:
15. Opinion.
What effect does employment in the
industrial food production sector have on food self-sufficiency of the
individuals and families involved?
What percentage of their revenues do
they spend on the purchase of foods imported into the area?
Who control the prices of the imported
foods?
What are your conclusions?
16. Opinion.
Relate your conclusions to the risk of
loss by producers of control over the
food they produce ?.
6. Dependence for drinking water.
The following slides cover problems raised in section 8 of the
Some inherent limitations to the Millennium Goals –
slide 32.
Some inherent limitations to the Millennium Goals –
slide 33.
Some inherent limitations to the Millennium Goals –
slide 34.
Public-private cooperation is an economic paradigm
supported by the United Nations agencies and by neo-liberal governments over
the past 30 years. It appears likely that section 8 of the Millennium Goals was
inserted to negate in practice the effects of objectives 1-7. In any case, the purpose of section 8 appears
to be the maintenance, and even the reinforcement, of the status quo of the
currently dominating development aid system.
Cases of intervention by multinational operators in
the drinking water sector in developing countries are widespread. The consequences of it have been
disastrous, especially where long-term
monopolist concessions have been awarded to multinationals for the distribution
of drinking water in large towns in poor countries. Drinking water has become
an exploitable commercial product instead of being recognised as a basic
unalienable human right.
17. Research.
Document the case of concession of
monopolist rights to the distribution of drinking water which is closest to
your chosen project area.
What are your conclusions ?
18. Opinion.
Relate your ideas on monopolist rights
to drinking water to the risk of loss of
control by local populations of their rights to drinking water.
◄ First block : Poverty and quality of life.
◄ Index : Diploma in Integrated
Development (Dip.Int.Dev)
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